K\u0131saltmas\u0131 SiC olarak bilinen silikon karb\u00fcr, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde piyasada bulunan en sert sentetik malzemelerden biridir ve sertli\u011fi nedeniyle kesici aletlerde, ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131ya ve termal \u015foka kar\u015f\u0131 direnci nedeniyle ate\u015f sabit malzemelerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca elektronik uygulamalar\u0131nda korozyon \u00f6nleyici kaplama malzemesi olarak da yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SiC, geni\u015f bant aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip yar\u0131 iletken \u00f6zelliklere sahip, son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131 alt\u0131gen bir kimyasal bile\u015fiktir. Bu \u00f6zellik, SiC\u2019nin daha y\u00fcksek elektrik alanlar\u0131na dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Saf haliyle silikon karb\u00fcr, elektrik yal\u0131tkan\u0131 gibi davran\u0131r; ancak, safs\u0131zl\u0131klar veya katk\u0131lar eklenmesiyle (katk\u0131lar, malzemenin elektrik iletkenli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftiren maddeler eklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r), davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik meydana gelir ve \u00f6nce yar\u0131 iletken hale gelir, ard\u0131ndan tekrar yar\u0131 iletken hale d\u00f6ner. S\u0131ras\u0131yla al\u00fcminyum, bor, galyum veya azot\/fosfor gibi elementlerle doping yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (s\u0131ras\u0131yla p-tipi veya n-tipi yar\u0131 iletken).<\/p>\n
Silikon karb\u00fcr\u00fcn kristal yap\u0131s\u0131, birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt silikon ve d\u00f6rt karbon atomundan olu\u015fan iki ana koordinasyon tetrahedrinden olu\u015fur; bu yap\u0131, y\u00fczeylerinden protonlar\u0131, elektronlar\u0131 ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131 iten g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elektrostatik etkile\u015fimler yarat\u0131r \u2013 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu madde, asitler gibi bir\u00e7ok kimyasal maddenin neden oldu\u011fu korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li hale gelir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 itmesi, malzemenin \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fini de art\u0131r\u0131r; bu da malzemeyi \u0131s\u0131ya son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirir ve daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya uygun k\u0131lar. Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bu kadar etkili bir diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in seramik, mermilerin sert seramik blok yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 delemedi\u011fi kur\u015fun ge\u00e7irmez yeleklerde bile kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
SiC, standart silikon yar\u0131 iletkenlere k\u0131yasla daha geni\u015f bir bant aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiptir; bu da, daha y\u00fcksek gerilim ve frekanslara uyum sa\u011flarken daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcklerini idare edebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u00f6zellik, elektrikli ara\u00e7lar ve uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 elektroni\u011fi bile\u015fenleri gibi, daha y\u00fcksek gerilim ve frekanslarda daha fazla g\u00fcc\u00fc idare etmesi gereken elektronik cihazlar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Silikon karb\u00fcr\u00fcn dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sertli\u011fi ve korozyon direnci, onu pompalar, rulmanlar, vanalar, kum p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme enjekt\u00f6rleri veya ekstr\u00fczyon kal\u0131plar\u0131 gibi y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 m\u00fchendislik uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir malzeme haline getirir. Ayr\u0131ca, mukavemeti, kimyasal inertli\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131l genle\u015fmesi, onu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 m\u00fchendislik uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00e7ok \u201ckarborundum\u201d olarak bilinen silikon karb\u00fcr, silikon ve karbonun birle\u015fmesiyle alt\u0131gen yap\u0131l\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir seramik olu\u015fturur. Geni\u015f bant aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip yar\u0131 iletken \u00f6zellikleri sayesinde silikon karb\u00fcr, silikondan 10 kat daha y\u00fcksek gerilimlere dayanabilir.<\/p>\n
SiC, ilk kez 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arizona\u2019daki Canyon Diablo meteor kraterinde ke\u015ffedilen moissanitte do\u011fal olarak bulunur. Ancak bu malzeme, daha \u00e7ok m\u00fccevher ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda sentetik olarak \u00fcretilir; bu \u00fcretim genellikle 1700-2500 \u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik diren\u00e7li f\u0131r\u0131nlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Bel\u00e7ika\u2019n\u0131n Liege kentinde bulunan Elkem Processing Services (EPS), reaktif sinterleme y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterilerin tam teknik \u00f6zelliklerine uygun silikon karb\u00fcr \u00fcretmektedir. Bu tesis, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda SiC\u2019yi h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, di\u011fer kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in en son teknolojik imk\u00e2nlara sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Silikon karb\u00fcr, son derece sert ve a\u015f\u0131nmaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir malzemedir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda mukavemetini korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in, y\u00fcksek termal \u015fok direnci gerektiren uygulamalar i\u00e7in uygundur. Ayr\u0131ca, korozyon direnci sayesinde \u00e7o\u011fu asit, alkali ve erimi\u015f tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri i\u00e7in de uygundur.<\/p>\n
Amerikal\u0131 mucit Edward Acheson, 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapay elmas \u00fcretmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ararken silikon karb\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffetti. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, s\u0131radan bir karbon ark lambas\u0131 ve buji kullanarak toz kok ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kili \u0131s\u0131tt\u0131 ve elmas\u0131n sertli\u011fine yak\u0131n, parlak ye\u015fil kristaller elde etti; bu kristaller daha sonra karborundum (SiC) olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, metalurji ve refrakter end\u00fcstrilerinde kullan\u0131lan modern \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri, Acheson taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilenlerle benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7lere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Saf silika kumu ve kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc formunda ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f karbon gibi hammaddeler, i\u00e7inden elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irilen tu\u011fla elektrik diren\u00e7li bir f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bir karbon iletkeninin etraf\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir; bu, kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcndeki karbon ile kumdaki silikon aras\u0131nda kimyasal reaksiyona neden olarak SiC'nin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Silikon karb\u00fcr, bir\u00e7ok arzu edilen \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir ve metal matrisli kompozitler (MMC\u2019ler) olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere s\u0131kl\u0131kla di\u011fer metallerle birle\u015ftirilir. MMC\u2019ler, SiC\u2019nin mukavemetini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer metallerin iletkenli\u011fi ile birle\u015ftirir. Ayr\u0131ca, MMC\u2019ler erozyon-korozyona ve oksit par\u00e7alanma hasar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Genellikle \u201ckarborundum\u201d olarak an\u0131lan silikon karb\u00fcr, 9 gibi inan\u0131lmaz bir Mohs sertlik derecesine sahiptir; bu da onu elmas ve bor karb\u00fcrden daha sert k\u0131lar. Mukavemeti ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde silikon karb\u00fcr, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden kur\u015fun ge\u00e7irmez yeleklere kadar uzanan uygulamalar i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir malzeme se\u00e7ene\u011fidir; \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda bile sertli\u011fini korurken \u00fcst\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131nma direncine sahiptir; asl\u0131nda silikon karb\u00fcr, en sert ileri seramiklerden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Silikon karb\u00fcr bir yar\u0131 iletken malzemedir; bu, elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n veya elektromanyetik alanlar\u0131n iletkenli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi sayesinde, bir elektrik devresinde sinyalleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, anahtarlayan veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren elektronik cihazlarda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Silikon karb\u00fcr yar\u0131 iletkenler, silikon muadillerine k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek elektron hareketlili\u011fine ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131na sahiptir; bu da onlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 transist\u00f6rler, diyotlar ve FET'ler i\u00e7in ideal hale getirir.<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, metalurji ve refrakter end\u00fcstrilerinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere yap\u0131lan modern silikon karb\u00fcr \u00fcretimi, Acheson y\u00f6ntemine benzemektedir: Saf silis kumu ile ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc karbonunun kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bir elektrikli f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n karbon iletkeninin etraf\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir; elektrik bu iletkenden ge\u00e7erek silikon ve karbon aras\u0131nda kimyasal reaksiyonu tetikler ve bu reaksiyon sonucunda hem silikon karb\u00fcr hem de karbon monoksit gaz\u0131 \u00fcretilir; son olarak, gran\u00fcl halindeki silikon karb\u00fcr, \u00f6zel ekipmanlar kullan\u0131larak istenen boyut ve yo\u011funlu\u011fa getirilene kadar \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide, better known by its acronym SiC, is one of the hardest synthetic materials on the market today and widely utilized for use in cutting tools due to its hardness, as well as refractories due to its resistance against high heat and thermal shock. It has also found widespread application as an anticorrosive coating […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}