{"id":448,"date":"2024-06-07T04:40:40","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T20:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/?p=448"},"modified":"2024-07-05T22:02:54","modified_gmt":"2024-07-05T14:02:54","slug":"novy-postup-recyklacie-karbidu-kremika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/novy-postup-recyklacie-karbidu-kremika\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd proces recykl\u00e1cie karbidu krem\u00edka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Karbid krem\u00edka je energeticky \u00fasporn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje elektrick\u00fdm vozidl\u00e1m dosahova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed dojazd bez potreby akt\u00edvnych chladiacich syst\u00e9mov a prispieva k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu rozmerov aj hmotnosti palubn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov riadenia bat\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Riceovej univerzity vyvinuli inovat\u00edvny proces upcyklovania odpadu z pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho karbidu krem\u00edka (SiC) na vysoko kvalitn\u00e9 suroviny, zn\u00e1my ako \u201eflash upcyklovanie\u201c. Je energeticky \u00fasporn\u00fd a vytv\u00e1ra ekologick\u00fd ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed produkt.<\/p>\n<h2>Recyklovan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdroba karbidu krem\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a vznik\u00e1 pri nej zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo odpadu. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Fraunhoferovho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre keramick\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a syst\u00e9my IKTS v Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanoch spolu so svoj\u00edm priemyseln\u00fdm partnerom, spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ESK-SiC GmbH, vyvinuli ekologick\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd tento odpad recykluje na vysoko kvalitn\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa \u0161etr\u00ed energia, zni\u017euje \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010distenia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa \u0161etria suroviny.<\/p>\n<p>Rekry\u0161talizovan\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd SiC je vhodn\u00fd pre pou\u017eitie v oblasti obr\u00e1bac\u00edch procesov, povrchovej \u00fapravy, balistickej ochrann\u00e9 keramiky a filtra\u010dn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. Okrem toho je tento recyklovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l odolnej\u0161\u00ed vo\u010di n\u00e1razom a praskaniu ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00fd SiC, v\u010faka \u010domu sa s n\u00edm \u013eah\u0161ie pracuje; recyklovate\u013enos\u0165 sa \u010falej zvy\u0161uje zachovan\u00edm jeho tvrdosti po tepelnom spracovan\u00ed \u2013 \u010do je nevyhnutnou podmienkou pre \u010fal\u0161ie spracovanie na u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u013ekos\u0165 z\u0155n recyklovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu SiC sa zvy\u010dajne pohybuje v rozmedz\u00ed od 50 do 120 mikr\u00f3nov v z\u00e1vislosti od jeho pou\u017eitia, v\u010faka \u010domu je vhodn\u00fd na br\u00fasenie a rezanie, alebo dokonca ako alternat\u00edva k pr\u00edrodn\u00e9mu piesku pri br\u00fasen\u00ed, kde jeho ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed objem \u010dast\u00edc zabezpe\u010duje rovnocenn\u00fd br\u00fasny \u00fa\u010dinok pri vy\u0161\u0161ej priepustnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Prepracovan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj pri v\u00fdrobe SiC t\u00e9glikov spojen\u00fdch reak\u010dnou v\u00e4zbou a nitridovou v\u00e4zbou v\u010faka svojej n\u00edzkej reaktivite a vysokej tvrdosti, \u010d\u00edm je na tento \u00fa\u010del vhodnej\u0161\u00ed ako be\u017en\u00fd granulovan\u00fd SiC. Okrem toho v\u010faka svojim vynikaj\u00facim vlastnostiam pri spekan\u00ed a formovan\u00ed je recyklovan\u00fd SiC vynikaj\u00facou n\u00e1hradou za materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v t\u00fdchto aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Prepracovan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka sa zvy\u010dajne vyzna\u010duje ve\u013ekos\u0165ou z\u0155n v rozmedz\u00ed 60 mikr\u00f3nov a 90-percentnou p\u00f3rovitos\u0165ou, pri\u010dom jeho n\u00e1razuvzdorn\u00e1 por\u00e9zna \u0161trukt\u00fara je odolnej\u0161ia ne\u017e \u0161trukt\u00fara tradi\u010dn\u00fdch granul\u00e1tov SiC. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 jeho v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a spotreba energie ni\u017e\u0161ie v porovnan\u00ed s met\u00f3dami v\u00fdroby z pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho piesku; a napokon si zachov\u00e1va vysok\u00fa tvrdos\u0165 aj po tepelnom spracovan\u00ed \u2013 \u010do s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 vlastnosti pre pou\u017eitie pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2>Postup<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdroba karbidu krem\u00edka si vy\u017eaduje energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 procesy, pri ktor\u00fdch vznikaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho odpadu. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Fraunhofer IKTS pri\u0161li s rie\u0161en\u00edm, ako tento pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed produkt recyklova\u0165 na vysoko kvalitn\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje priemyseln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa odpad premie\u0148a na cenn\u00e9 surovinov\u00e9 zdroje. Ich nov\u00fd proces s n\u00e1zvom RECOSiC v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje \u00farove\u0148 priemyseln\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 premie\u0148a priemyseln\u00e9 zne\u010distenie na cenn\u00e9 surovinov\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n<p>SiC sa vyr\u00e1ba zmie\u0161an\u00edm kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku s jemne mlet\u00fdm koksom v elektrickej peci, kde elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad prech\u00e1dza uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm vodi\u010dom a vyvol\u00e1va chemick\u00fa reakciu, pri ktorej vznikaj\u00fa plyny \u2013 krem\u00edk a oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd \u2013, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1sledne odfiltruj\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm vznikne \u010dist\u00e1 zmes kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledne drvi\u0165 a triedi\u0165 na zrn\u00e1 r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed alebo na pr\u00e1\u0161ky.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrobky z karbidu krem\u00edka maj\u00fa \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatnenie v r\u00f4znych odvetviach. Karbid krem\u00edka sa vyzna\u010duje viacer\u00fdmi atrakt\u00edvnymi vlastnos\u0165ami, ako s\u00fa mimoriadne vysok\u00e1 pevnos\u0165, odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii a tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165; okrem toho je vynikaj\u00facim elektrick\u00fdm izolantom, \u010do prispieva k v\u00fdvoju pokro\u010dil\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ako s\u00fa polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 dosky.<\/p>\n<p>Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara karbidu krem\u00edka mu dod\u00e1va jeho \u0161peci\u00e1lne vlastnosti. Vytv\u00e1ra sa v hust\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00farach s kovalentn\u00fdmi v\u00e4zbami medzi at\u00f3mami. Tie s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 do dvoch prim\u00e1rnych koordina\u010dn\u00fdch tetra\u00e9drov, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd obsahuje \u0161tyri at\u00f3my krem\u00edka a \u0161tyri at\u00f3my uhl\u00edka; tieto tetra\u00e9dre s\u00fa navz\u00e1jom prepojen\u00e9 a usporiadan\u00e9 do vrstiev, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa polytypy s r\u00f4znymi fyzik\u00e1lnymi vlastnos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n<p>Karbid krem\u00edka sa vyskytuje v r\u00f4znych tvaroch a ve\u013ekostiach. Be\u017en\u00fdmi pr\u00edkladmi s\u00fa tetra\u00e9dre, gule, ty\u010dinky a \u0161es\u0165uholn\u00edky; z odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di opotrebeniu vrstiev napusten\u00fdch tekut\u00fdm krem\u00edkom mo\u017eno vyrobi\u0165 karbid-nitrid krem\u00edka (SiNx); d\u00e1 sa dokonca vypestova\u0165 vo forme ve\u013ek\u00fdch monokry\u0161t\u00e1lov zn\u00e1mych ako Lelyho drahokamy.<\/p>\n<p>Karbid krem\u00edka sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vyu\u017e\u00edva v mnoh\u00fdch odvetviach, od br\u00fasnych materi\u00e1lov a br\u00fasnych materi\u00e1lov s povlakom a\u017e po v\u00fdkonov\u00fa elektroniku pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 (EV). Jeho pou\u017eitie zni\u017euje trenie, n\u00e1klady, zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a predl\u017euje \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9ri\u00ed \u2013 pr\u00e1ve tieto vlastnosti robia jeho vyu\u017eitie v t\u00fdchto aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch atrakt\u00edvnym. Karbid krem\u00edka sa uk\u00e1zal ako obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed n\u00e1kladov spojen\u00fdch s tren\u00edm, pri\u010dom z\u00e1rove\u0148 zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady a zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon v porovnan\u00ed s alternat\u00edvnymi materi\u00e1lmi.<\/p>\n<h2>Materi\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n<p>Karbid krem\u00edka, be\u017ene ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako karborund, je tvrd\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina zlo\u017een\u00e1 z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 sa v pr\u00edrode vyskytuje ako vz\u00e1cny miner\u00e1l moissanit a od roku 1893 sa hromadne vyr\u00e1ba na pou\u017eitie ako br\u00fasivo. V\u010faka svojej dlhej \u017eivotnosti a minim\u00e1lnej potrebe v\u00fdmeny pom\u00e1ha karbid krem\u00edka podnikom aj spotrebite\u013eom zni\u017eova\u0165 mno\u017estvo vznikaj\u00faceho odpadu, \u010d\u00edm prispieva k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0161etr\u00ed n\u00e1klady na likvid\u00e1ciu odpadu a v\u00fdmenu.<\/p>\n<p>Karbid krem\u00edka m\u00e1 mnoho priemyseln\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Vyzna\u010duje sa vynikaj\u00facou elektrickou a tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou, vysokou teplotou topenia, n\u00edzkou hustotou, vysokou mechanickou pevnos\u0165ou a odolnos\u0165ou vo\u010di ve\u013emi vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m bez vzniku trhl\u00edn, v\u010faka \u010domu je vhodn\u00fd na rezanie, br\u00fasenie a le\u0161tenie. Karbid krem\u00edka sl\u00fa\u017ei tie\u017e ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 surovina pri v\u00fdrobe technickej keramiky a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, v polovodi\u010dovej elektronike, pri v\u00fdrobe vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fdch kot\u00fa\u010dov, diskov, dr\u00f4tov\u00fdch p\u00edl a br\u00fasnych v\u00fdrobkov, ako aj pri aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch kompozitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov v kombin\u00e1cii s oce\u013eou.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba karbidu krem\u00edka sa opiera o dve hlavn\u00e9 suroviny: kremi\u010dit\u00fd piesok a ropn\u00fd koks. V priemyselnom meradle prebieha v\u00fdroba pomocou Achesonovho procesu, ktor\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edva v ohreve zmesi v otvoren\u00fdch peciach na teplotu pribli\u017ene 2 300 \u00b0C za \u00fa\u010delom karbotermickej redukcie, po ktorej nasleduje rozomletie na \u010dastice ur\u010den\u00e9 na \u010fal\u0161ie spracovanie. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da v\u0161ak, \u017eia\u013e, sp\u00f4sobuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 emisie CO\u2082: na ka\u017ed\u00fa tonu SiC vyrobenej touto technikou sa uvo\u013en\u00ed pribli\u017ene 2,4 tony CO\u2082.<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci snahy o zn\u00ed\u017eenie ekologick\u00e9ho dopadu by recykl\u00e1cia kalu vznikaj\u00faceho po\u010das synt\u00e9zy mohla by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri v\u00fdrobe vysokokvalitn\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch produktov z SiC a pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed odberu surov\u00edn z pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov. To by umo\u017enilo v\u00fdrobu br\u00fasnych odpadov\u00fdch produktov z SiC z kalu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 by do\u0161lo k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu n\u00e1kladov spojen\u00fdch so z\u00edskavan\u00edm pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch surov\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia sk\u00fama vlastnosti, najm\u00e4 granulometriu, recyklovan\u00e9ho odpadu z karbidu krem\u00edka s oh\u013eadom na jeho potenci\u00e1lne zaradenie do nov\u00fdch recept\u00far cementov\u00fdch zmes\u00ed. Na\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom bolo zisti\u0165, \u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 nahradi\u0165 recyklovan\u00fd odpad z karbidu krem\u00edka s minim\u00e1lnym vplyvom na celkov\u00fa granulometriu a vlastnosti z\u0155n bet\u00f3nu; v\u00fdsledky na\u0161ej \u0161t\u00fadie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee tento materi\u00e1l sa na tento \u00fa\u010del skuto\u010dne hod\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 hodnoty ako ostatn\u00e9 miner\u00e1lne kamenivo.<\/p>\n<h2>Kone\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/h2>\n<p>Karbid krem\u00edka, priemyseln\u00fd materi\u00e1l be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v r\u00f4znych oblastiach \u2013 od \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch komponentov a\u017e po polovodi\u010de \u2013, je ve\u013emi \u017eiadan\u00fd, av\u0161ak jeho v\u00fdroba si vy\u017eaduje energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 procesy, pri ktor\u00fdch sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 CO2. Vedci teraz vyvinuli ekologick\u00fd sp\u00f4sob recykl\u00e1cie tohto materi\u00e1lu, pri ktorom sa ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty a odpadov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky op\u00e4\u0165 premie\u0148aj\u00fa na vysoko kvalitn\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>Proces RECOSiC (c) recykluje pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd odpad z karbidu krem\u00edka (SiC) vznikaj\u00faci pri v\u00fdrobe na karbid krem\u00edka, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 op\u00e4tovne pou\u017ei\u0165 v zn\u00e1mych v\u00fdrobkoch a procesoch, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje v\u00fd\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zni\u017euje z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od dod\u00e1vate\u013eov surov\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Na v\u00fdrobu karbidu krem\u00edka je potrebn\u00e9 kreme\u0148ov\u00fd piesok a ropn\u00fd koks zahrieva\u0165 v otvoren\u00fdch Achesonov\u00fdch peciach. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, pri tomto procese vznikaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch produktov, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 vo vysokokvalitn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch kv\u00f4li nevhodnej ve\u013ekosti z\u0155n a nedostato\u010dnej rezn\u00fa v\u00fdkonnos\u0165. Okrem toho pri pr\u00e1ci s tak\u00fdmi obrovsk\u00fdmi otvoren\u00fdmi pecami predstavuje \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00e1\u017enu hrozbu kontamin\u00e1cia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 pr\u00fadom vzduchu.<\/p>\n<p>Na recykl\u00e1ciu karbidu krem\u00edka je najprv potrebn\u00e9 oddeli\u0165 a vy\u010disti\u0165 odpadov\u00e9 produkty a kaly. Proces RECOSiC vyu\u017e\u00edva r\u00fdchle Jouleovo ohrievanie na r\u00fdchle zv\u00fd\u0161enie ich teploty pred zmie\u0161an\u00edm s tekut\u00fdm krem\u00edkom s cie\u013eom vyrobi\u0165 sekund\u00e1rny karbid krem\u00edka, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1sledne impreg\u0148uje tekut\u00fdm krem\u00edkom, \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017ei p\u00f3rovitos\u0165 a zv\u00fd\u0161i \u010distota prim\u00e1rneho SiC.<\/p>\n<p>Po vy\u010disten\u00ed prech\u00e1dza karbid krem\u00edka v peci procesom tepeln\u00e9ho odviazania a pyrol\u00fdzy, pri ktorom sa v bezkysl\u00edkov\u00fdch podmienkach zahrieva s cie\u013eom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 obsah uhl\u00edka a sp\u00e1li\u0165 zvy\u0161ky spojiva \u2013 tento krok z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje \u010distotu a\u017e na 98%!<\/p>\n<p>Recyklovan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka sa d\u00e1 vyu\u017ei\u0165 na mnoho r\u00f4znych \u00fa\u010delov, od br\u00fasnych v\u00fdrobkov, ako s\u00fa br\u00fasny papier a br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de alebo disky, a\u017e po kompozitn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s oce\u013eou. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie oblasti pou\u017eitia recyklovan\u00e9ho SiC patria vysokoteplotn\u00e9 \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, balistick\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 keramika pre vojensk\u00fa techniku a automobilov\u00fa\/environment\u00e1lnu techniku (filter pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc pre dieselov\u00e9 motory). Prepracovan\u00fd SiC vyroben\u00fd procesom RECOSiC obsahuje preva\u017ene hexagon\u00e1lne kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary (a-SiC), zatia\u013e \u010do beta karbid krem\u00edka (b-SiC).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-531\" src=\"http:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide.jpg\" alt=\"Recyklovan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide-768x767.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Recycled-Silicon-Carbide-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Silicon carbide is an energy-efficient material that can enable electric vehicles to achieve greater driving distances without the need for active cooling systems and help decrease both size and weight of onboard battery management systems. Rice University researchers have developed an innovative process for upcycling pulverformed SiC waste into high-quality raw materials, known as flash [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=448"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":533,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/448\/revisions\/533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}