Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) m\u00e1 neobvykl\u00fa kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru. Obsahuje \u0161tyri at\u00f3my Si a \u0161tyri at\u00f3my C v usporiadanom koordina\u010dnom tetraedrickom usporiadan\u00ed s vrstvami ulo\u017een\u00fdmi do polytypov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria jeho prim\u00e1rny koordina\u010dn\u00fd tetraedr.<\/p>\n
Z elektrick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska m\u00e1 karbid krem\u00edka schopnos\u0165 odol\u00e1va\u0165 nap\u00e4tiu p\u00e4\u0165- a\u017e desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161iemu ako krem\u00edk. To z neho rob\u00ed vynikaj\u00facu vo\u013ebu materi\u00e1lu pre v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka odol\u00e1va vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a nap\u00e4tiam potrebn\u00fdm na prev\u00e1dzku modernej elektroniky a v porovnan\u00ed s krem\u00edkom je aj \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm polovodi\u010dov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom. T\u00e1to \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pom\u00e1ha zni\u017eova\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 a n\u00e1klady na bat\u00e9riou nap\u00e1jan\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka sa od krem\u00edka odli\u0161uje ove\u013ea u\u017e\u0161ou energetickou medzerou medzi jeho valen\u010dn\u00fdm a vodivostn\u00fdm p\u00e1som, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje elektr\u00f3nom \u013eah\u0161ie prech\u00e1dza\u0165 medzi t\u00fdmito p\u00e1smi v porovnan\u00ed s krem\u00edkom, a tak zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 takmer desa\u0165kr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad, ne\u017e zvl\u00e1dnu porovnate\u013en\u00e9 zariadenia vyroben\u00e9 z krem\u00edka.<\/p>\n
In\u017einieri m\u00f4\u017eu vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 kubick\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka spekan\u00edm pr\u00e1\u0161ku SiC v kombin\u00e1cii s neoxidov\u00fdmi spojivami. Okrem toho sa kry\u0161t\u00e1ly SiC m\u00f4\u017eu pestova\u0165 aj chemickou depoz\u00edciou z plynnej f\u00e1zy. Pri tejto technike sa do v\u00e1kuovej komory priv\u00e1dza \u0161peci\u00e1lna zmes plynov, ktor\u00e9 sa potom nan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa na substr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n
Fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti karbidu krem\u00edka, medzi ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed tvrd\u00fd a odoln\u00fd povrch, ako aj jeho odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kyselin\u00e1m, z neho robia vynikaj\u00faci br\u00fasny materi\u00e1l pre priemyseln\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie, ako je lapid\u00e1rium. Karborundov\u00fa dr\u0165 mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v kolografickej tla\u010di, kde sa nan\u00e1\u0161a priamo na hlin\u00edkov\u00fa dosku, natiera sa atramentom a potom sa na \u00fa\u010dely tla\u010de lisuje na papier.<\/p>\n
Keramika z karbidu krem\u00edka je vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou pre pancier, preto\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbova\u0165 energiu projektilu a spomali\u0165 ho, \u010d\u00edm zni\u017euje riziko zranenia alebo smrti. Ich \u013eahk\u00e1 povaha poskytuje nosite\u013eom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pohyblivos\u0165 a pohodlie, zatia\u013e \u010do ich vysok\u00e1 tvrdos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1va\u0165 hrozb\u00e1m, ako s\u00fa gu\u013eky a pancierov\u00e9 strely, ako aj \u00falomky s vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n
Pancier vyroben\u00fd z karbidu krem\u00edka je k dispoz\u00edcii vojensk\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu aj pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkom org\u00e1nov \u010dinn\u00fdch v trestnom konan\u00ed na ochranu pred streln\u00fdmi a ostr\u00fdmi zbra\u0148ami. Predt\u00fdm, ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee pred\u00e1va\u0165 koncov\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom alebo v\u00fdrobcom, mus\u00ed pancier z karbidu krem\u00edka prejs\u0165 pr\u00edsnymi testovac\u00edmi postupmi, ktor\u00e9 overuj\u00fa, \u010di sp\u013a\u0148a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n
Pancier z karbidu krem\u00edka m\u00e1 oproti svojim kovov\u00fdm n\u00e1protivkom nieko\u013eko k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod vr\u00e1tane vynikaj\u00facej tepelnej odolnosti, ktor\u00e1 ho chr\u00e1ni pred deform\u00e1ciou pri n\u00e1raze, a vysokej tvrdosti a pevnosti v \u0165ahu materi\u00e1lu karbidu krem\u00edka, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm zost\u00e1va jeho pl\u00e1t neporu\u0161en\u00fd aj pri z\u00e1sahu strelami, \u010d\u00edm sa predch\u00e1dza jeho zlomeniu alebo rozbitiu.<\/p>\n
Cookov patent podrobne opisuje v\u0161etky klasick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy keramick\u00e9ho kompozitn\u00e9ho panciera, od pou\u017eitia viacer\u00fdch dla\u017ed\u00edc oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho ako mozaiky na maximaliz\u00e1ciu schopnosti viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu a\u017e po tuh\u00fd podklad a koncepciu konoidu zlomeniny. Zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina keramiky sa \u013eahko ni\u010d\u00ed tvarovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1bojmi, t\u00e1to konkr\u00e9tna kon\u0161trukcia dosiek z karbidu krem\u00edka podlo\u017een\u00fdch oxidom hlinit\u00fdm dok\u00e1zala po\u010das testov s tvarovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1bojmi odola\u0165 celej svojej sile; v\u010faka tomu je vhodn\u00e1 pre policajn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 aj pre civiln\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 na \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n
Krem\u00edkov\u00e9 (Si) polovodi\u010de dobre funguj\u00fa v elektronike s n\u00edzkym v\u00fdkonom, ale ich obmedzenia sa prejavuj\u00fa, ke\u010f zariadenia pracuj\u00fa pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, nap\u00e4tiach a frekvenci\u00e1ch. Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) pon\u00faka v tak\u00fdchto obvodoch lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon ako Si v\u010faka v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu energetick\u00e9mu p\u00e1smu, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1va vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, a lep\u0161\u00edm vlastnostiam tepeln\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu.<\/p>\n
Technol\u00f3gia karbidu krem\u00edka tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby elektronick\u00e9 komponenty boli men\u0161ie a pracovali r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie v\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti vo\u010di v\u00fdkyvom elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, ktor\u00e1 je desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako u tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho krem\u00edka a nitridu g\u00e1lia v syst\u00e9moch s nap\u00e4t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ako 1000 V. Preto s\u00fa nap\u00e1jacie zariadenia z karbidu krem\u00edka ide\u00e1lne pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 (EV), sol\u00e1rne strieda\u010de a in\u00e9 syst\u00e9my obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie.<\/p>\n
Karborundum (Ceram) je kry\u0161talick\u00e1 forma karbidu krem\u00edka. Ceram, ktor\u00fd sa vyr\u00e1ba od roku 1893 ako br\u00fasivo, zohr\u00e1va neoddelite\u013en\u00fa \u00falohu aj v keramick\u00fdch dosk\u00e1ch nepriestreln\u00fdch viest a m\u00f4\u017ee sa pochv\u00e1li\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee je jedn\u00fdm z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov hne\u010f po diamante. Obr\u00e1banie tohto materi\u00e1lu s presn\u00fdmi toleranciami si vy\u017eaduje vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 zru\u010dnosti, preto\u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne techniky br\u00fasenia a lapovania; po tom, \u010do hotov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky prejd\u00fa d\u00f4kladn\u00fdmi kontrolami, aby sa zabezpe\u010dili ich mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka sa u\u017e dlho pova\u017euje za neocenite\u013en\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 br\u00fasivo v\u010faka svojej extr\u00e9mnej tvrdosti a h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti, \u010do ho rob\u00ed u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm pri br\u00fasen\u00ed alebo rezan\u00ed materi\u00e1lov s n\u00edzkou pevnos\u0165ou v \u0165ahu vr\u00e1tane skla, keramiky, kame\u0148a a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. V\u010faka svojej odolnosti v extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach sa osved\u010dil ako ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd materi\u00e1l pre br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de; okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej trvanlivosti neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou modern\u00fdch lapid\u00e1rnych zariaden\u00ed na rezanie a le\u0161tenie drah\u00fdch kame\u0148ov vr\u00e1tane moissanitu.<\/p>\n
PEEK je chemicky inertn\u00fd a vysoko odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Okrem toho jeho ve\u013emi vysok\u00fd modul pru\u017enosti zabezpe\u010duje vynikaj\u00facu rozmerov\u00fa stabilitu; vysok\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 v tlaku, n\u00edzka p\u00f3rovitos\u0165 a nulov\u00e1 hustota p\u00f3rov z neho robia ide\u00e1lny materi\u00e1l pre mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia a lo\u017eisk\u00e1; je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd v syst\u00e9moch \u010derpadiel a pohonov, ktor\u00e9 musia \u010deli\u0165 agres\u00edvnym m\u00e9di\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka mo\u017eno vyu\u017ei\u0165 v \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1le polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. V\u010faka svojej kry\u0161talickej \u0161trukt\u00fare a neobvykl\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostiam sa karbid krem\u00edka odli\u0161uje od svojich konkurentov t\u00fdm, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti od teploty a aplik\u00e1cie funguje ako polovodi\u010d typu P aj ako polovodi\u010d typu N - \u010do je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165, v\u010faka ktorej je tento materi\u00e1l ide\u00e1lny pre aplik\u00e1cie vr\u00e1tane \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek, elektrick\u00fdch pec\u00ed, keramiky a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) possesses an unusual crystal structure. It contains four Si and four C atoms in an ordered coordination tetrahedral arrangement with layers stacked into polytypes forming its primary coordination tetrahedron. Electrically, silicon carbide has the ability to withstand voltages five-ten times higher than silicon. This makes it an excellent material choice for power […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions\/375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}