Karbid krem\u00edka alebo SiC m\u00e1 cel\u00fd rad aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. M\u00f4\u017ee pracova\u0165 pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, frekvenci\u00e1ch a nap\u00e4tiach ako krem\u00edk, pri\u010dom poskytuje vy\u0161\u0161iu hustotu v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n
Edward Acheson n\u00e1hodne objavil karborundum pri pokuse o v\u00fdrobu umel\u00fdch diamantov v roku 1891. Zahrievan\u00edm hliny s pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdm uhl\u00edkom pomocou elektriny a vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm jasne zelen\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165uholn\u00edkov\u00fdch kry\u0161t\u00e1lov dal karborundu n\u00e1zov.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je tvrd\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina zlo\u017een\u00e1 z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka. Hoci sa v pr\u00edrode vyskytuje ako lo\u017eisko moissanitu, SiC sa \u010dastej\u0161ie vyr\u00e1ba synteticky na pou\u017eitie ako brusivo. SiC je ve\u013emi tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd je na Mohsovej stupnici zaraden\u00fd na 9. miesto - ako tvrd\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly ho prevy\u0161uje len diamant a karbid b\u00f3ru.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ok SiC sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako abraz\u00edvum vo viacer\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane lepen\u00fdch a povlakovan\u00fdch abraz\u00edv, rezania kreme\u0148a, tlakov\u00e9ho tryskania (za mokra alebo za sucha), br\u00fasenia a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch. Okrem toho je SiC vysoko odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii, \u010do ho rob\u00ed neocenite\u013en\u00fdm v elektronickom a metalurgickom priemysle.<\/p>\n
\u010cierny karbid krem\u00edka je mimoriadne odoln\u00e9 br\u00fasivo, ktor\u00e9 je ob\u013e\u00fabenou vo\u013ebou v br\u00fasnom priemysle. Medzi be\u017en\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie tejto tvrdosti patria br\u00fasne papiere a br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de; mo\u017eno ho n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch presn\u00e9ho lapovania alebo le\u0161tenia v leteckom a automobilovom priemysle na br\u00fasenie, lapovanie alebo le\u0161tenie kovov\u00fdch a keramick\u00fdch komponentov na presn\u00e9 rozmery.<\/p>\n
SiC sa m\u00f4\u017ee spekan\u00edm vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 z ve\u013emi tvrdej keramiky na v\u00fdrobu nepriestreln\u00fdch viest a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch na zabezpe\u010denie odolnosti vo\u010di teplu a tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom, ako aj v polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch zariadeniach pracuj\u00facich pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch alebo nap\u00e4tiach.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je zliatina zlo\u017een\u00e1 z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 vykazuje elektrick\u00e9 izolanty aj vodiv\u00e9 vlastnosti, v\u010faka \u010domu je vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu pre aplik\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonovej elektroniky, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vysok\u00fa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di nap\u00e4tiu, tepeln\u00fa vodivos\u0165, sp\u00ednacie frekvencie a \u0161irok\u00fd energetick\u00fd p\u00e1s. Okrem toho sa SiC m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 aj ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi materi\u00e1lov\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi v porovnan\u00ed s alternat\u00edvami.<\/p>\n
SiC je mimoriadne tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa na Mohsovej stupnici rad\u00ed medzi oxid hlinit\u00fd a diamant. Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t ho umelo vyrobil Edward Acheson v roku 1891 zahrievan\u00edm zmesi hliny a pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho koksu v \u017eeleznej miske; ako elektr\u00f3dy sa pou\u017eilo oby\u010dajn\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 svetlo. Acheson svoj objav pomenoval \"karborundum\", zatia\u013e \u010do nesk\u00f4r sa za\u010dal naz\u00fdva\u0165 karbid krem\u00edka.<\/p>\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 kombin\u00e1cia fyzik\u00e1lnych vlastnost\u00ed SiC z neho rob\u00ed atrakt\u00edvny materi\u00e1l na pou\u017eitie v mnoh\u00fdch \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch a priemyseln\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane odolnosti proti opotrebovaniu, tepelnej vodivosti a n\u00edzkej roz\u0165a\u017enosti. Okrem toho je SiC vysoko odoln\u00fd vo\u010di teplotn\u00fdm \u0161okom - prechodn\u00fdm mechanick\u00fdm za\u0165a\u017eeniam sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm n\u00e1hlymi zmenami teploty, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k n\u00e1hlemu za\u0165a\u017eeniu strojov - ako aj vo\u010di teplotn\u00fdm \u0161okom sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm r\u00fdchlymi zmenami teploty.<\/p>\n
Rast trhu s SiC sa r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161iruje v d\u00f4sledku rast\u00faceho dopytu po elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch, sol\u00e1rnych strieda\u010doch a syst\u00e9moch na uskladnenie energie, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tento materi\u00e1l. Ich schopnos\u0165 zvl\u00e1da\u0165 vysok\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie zohr\u00e1va pri tomto raste k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/p>\n
D\u017eingisch\u00e1n nariadil svojim jazdcom nosi\u0165 v boji ako ochranu hodv\u00e1bne vesty, zatia\u013e \u010do modern\u00e9 panciere sa v priebehu storo\u010d\u00ed stali ove\u013ea dokonalej\u0161\u00edmi. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 panciere sa zvy\u010dajne skladaj\u00fa z tvrd\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia ako nepreniknute\u013en\u00e9 steny proti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine mun\u00edcie - aj tieto ochrann\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu pri z\u00e1sahu vysokor\u00fdchlostnou strelou zlyha\u0165; vedci v\u0161ak vyvinuli recept na prekonanie tejto slabiny pridan\u00edm mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estva krem\u00edka do materi\u00e1lov z karbidu b\u00f3ru; ich \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee v\u010faka tomu je materi\u00e1l podstatne odolnej\u0161\u00ed proti n\u00e1razom vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch striel ako predt\u00fdm - poskytuje teda v\u00fdrazne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 proti n\u00e1razom vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch striel ako predt\u00fdm - \u010do \u010cingisch\u00e1n nedok\u00e1zal.<\/p>\n
Na \u013eahk\u00e9 a presn\u00e9 rezanie tohto materi\u00e1lu s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u010depele s diamantov\u00fdm hrotom, ktor\u00e9 patria medzi najtvrd\u0161ie zn\u00e1me l\u00e1tky. Diamant sa pou\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 pri lapid\u00e1rnych pr\u00e1cach, ako aj pri br\u00fasen\u00ed (br\u00fasenie a rezanie vodn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom) a je zn\u00e1my svojou trvanlivos\u0165ou a cenovou v\u00fdhodnos\u0165ou, preto sa pri lapid\u00e1rnych pr\u00e1cach \u010dasto uprednost\u0148uje pred in\u00fdmi alternat\u00edvami.<\/p>\n
Okrem v\u00fdroby balistick\u00e9ho panciera pre policajn\u00e9 a civiln\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne vozidl\u00e1 sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 aj na v\u00fdrobu keramiky na b\u00e1ze oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho vr\u00e1tane lo\u017e\u00edsk a tesnen\u00ed. V\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti vo\u010di oderu a teplotnej tolerancii je vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou pre priemyseln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie vr\u00e1tane automobilov\u00fdch b\u0155zd a spojok. Okrem toho jeho vysok\u00fd pomer pevnosti k hmotnosti, ako aj odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di chemickej er\u00f3zii, vodnej er\u00f3zii a vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m robia z tohto materi\u00e1lu vynikaj\u00facu vo\u013ebu pre toto pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je v ropnom priemysle \u010doraz ob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00ed v\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti proti oderu. Okrem toho vlastnosti karbidu krem\u00edka zni\u017euj\u00face viskozitu prispievaj\u00fa k r\u00fdchlej\u0161ej tekutosti ropy, \u010do vedie k zlep\u0161eniu efekt\u00edvnosti v\u00fdroby a zv\u00fd\u0161eniu tekutosti, a t\u00fdm prispievaj\u00fa k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu efekt\u00edvnosti v\u00fdroby ako celku. Okrem toho je tento materi\u00e1l v\u010faka svojim vlastnostiam pri \u0165a\u017ebe ropy mimoriadne vhodn\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu s bridlicov\u00fdmi form\u00e1ciami.<\/p>\n
Extr\u00e9mna tvrdos\u0165 keramick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho vyu\u017eitie na r\u00f4zne abraz\u00edvne br\u00fasne procesy vr\u00e1tane honovania, br\u00fasenia, rezania vodn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a pieskovania. Keramika je tie\u017e neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou modern\u00fdch lapid\u00e1rnych pr\u00e1c v\u010faka svojej trvanlivosti a n\u00edzkej cene v porovnan\u00ed s diamantom. Okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti vo\u010di abr\u00e1zii vhodnou alternat\u00edvou diamantu pri lapid\u00e1rnych pr\u00e1cach, ako aj pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed mlatov na zdrsnenie povrchu sklenen\u00fdch alebo mramorov\u00fdch dosiek pred leptan\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Chemick\u00e1 inertnos\u0165 karbidu krem\u00edka a jeho n\u00edzky koeficient tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti ho predur\u010duj\u00fa na v\u00fdrobu vysokoteplotn\u00fdch \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa steny kotlov\u00fdch pec\u00ed, \u0161achovnicov\u00e9 tehly, mufle, n\u00e1bytky do pec\u00ed, ko\u013eajnice pre pece a zariadenia na \u010distenie zinku. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne polytypy karbidu krem\u00edka; medzi nimi sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuje alfa karbid krem\u00edka (a-SiC) s hexagon\u00e1lnou kry\u0161t\u00e1lovou \u0161trukt\u00farou podobnou wurtzitu; beta modifik\u00e1cia (b-SiC) s kry\u0161t\u00e1lovou \u0161trukt\u00farou zinkovej blendy sa vyskytuje menej \u010dasto.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (\/karbrndm\/) je anorganick\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina zlo\u017een\u00e1 z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 aj ako karborundum. Prirodzene sa vyskytuje ako miner\u00e1l moissanit, masovo sa za\u010dal vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 vo forme pr\u00e1\u0161ku okolo roku 1893 na pou\u017eitie ako br\u00fasivo. Prostredn\u00edctvom procesov spekania sa jeho zrn\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00e1ja\u0165 do tvrd\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa brzdy alebo spojky automobilov alebo keramick\u00e9 dosky nepriestreln\u00fdch viest.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide, or SiC, has an array of applications. It can operate at higher temperatures, frequencies, and voltages than silicon, while providing increased power density. Edward Acheson made an accidental discovery of carborundum while trying to produce artificial diamonds in 1891. By heating clay with powdered carbon using electricity and creating bright green hexagonal crystals […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":219,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218\/revisions\/219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}