SiC je ide\u00e1lnym materi\u00e1lom na pou\u017eitie v meni\u010doch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 v\u010faka svojej schopnosti odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm nap\u00e4tiam a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu \u00fasporu energie a dlh\u0161iu dojazdov\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Hoci sa karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) v malom mno\u017estve prirodzene vyskytuje v meteoritoch, lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch korundu a kimberlite, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dnes pred\u00e1van\u00e9ho SiC sa vyr\u00e1ba synteticky a je to tvrd\u00fd a krehk\u00fd materi\u00e1l s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1lnymi vlastnos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fd skratkou SiC, je extr\u00e9mne tvrd\u00e1 kry\u0161talick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 sa masovo vyr\u00e1ba od konca 19. storo\u010dia na pou\u017eitie ako abraz\u00edvum a na r\u00f4zne priemyseln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, napr\u00edklad ako \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 v\u00fdmurovky pec\u00ed alebo vykurovacie teles\u00e1 priemyseln\u00fdch pec\u00ed, s\u00fa\u010dasti \u010derpadiel a raketov\u00fdch motorov odoln\u00e9 proti opotrebovaniu a ako polovodi\u010dov\u00fd substr\u00e1t pre sveteln\u00e9 di\u00f3dy (LED).<\/p>\n
SiC je zn\u00e1my svojou extr\u00e9mnou tvrdos\u0165ou (9 stup\u0148ov Mohsovej stupnice), odolnos\u0165ou proti oderu, chemickou inertnos\u0165ou a tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou - vlastnos\u0165ami, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je vhodn\u00fd na vysokoteplotn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Okrem toho si SiC zachov\u00e1va pevnos\u0165 aj pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Edward Goodrich Acheson prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u00faspe\u0161ne vyrobil karbid krem\u00edka v roku 1891, ke\u010f zahrieval zmes \u00edlu (kremi\u010ditanu hlinit\u00e9ho) a pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho koksu (uhl\u00edka). Tento materi\u00e1l nazval karborundum, amalg\u00e1m uhlia a diamantu. N\u00e1sledne Henri Moissan \u00faspe\u0161ne vytvoril karbid krem\u00edka bu\u010f rozpusten\u00edm uhl\u00edka v kvapalnom krem\u00edku, alebo jeho roztaven\u00edm na karbid v\u00e1pnika a oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n
V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina karbidu krem\u00edka pred\u00e1van\u00e9ho na celom svete syntetick\u00e1 a vyr\u00e1ba sa bu\u010f kalcin\u00e1ciou zelen\u00fdch blokov v mlyne Barmac alebo v Raymondovom mlyne a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm drven\u00edm na ve\u013emi jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok pomocou sitovania. \u010cierny karbid krem\u00edka sa sprac\u00fava pod\u013ea presn\u00fdch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed, aby vyhovoval presn\u00fdm lapovac\u00edm, le\u0161tiacim a proti\u0161mykov\u00fdm aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m; dr\u00f4ten\u00fdm p\u00edlam na kreme\u0148; ako aj povlakovan\u00fdm a lepen\u00fdm br\u00fasnym v\u00fdrobkom.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je jednou z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch, najpevnej\u0161\u00edch a naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch chemick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, ak\u00e9 \u010dlovek pozn\u00e1. Prirodzene sa vyskytuje ako drahokam moissanit v extr\u00e9mne vz\u00e1cnych form\u00e1ch, SiC sa masovo vyr\u00e1ba od roku 1893 vo forme pr\u00e1\u0161ku a kry\u0161t\u00e1lov na pou\u017eitie ako abraz\u00edvny a priemyseln\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vynikaj\u00facimi vlastnos\u0165ami pevnosti, h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti a tepelnej vodivosti.<\/p>\n
SiC sa sklad\u00e1 z tesne ulo\u017een\u00fdch at\u00f3mov Si a C usporiadan\u00fdch do \u0161tvorat\u00f3mov\u00fdch koordina\u010dn\u00fdch tetra\u00e9drov, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa v\u00fdnimo\u010dne tvrd\u00fd a pevn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Je odoln\u00fd vo\u010di v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine organick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, anorganick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn a roztaven\u00fdch sol\u00ed s v\u00fdnimkou kyseliny fluorovod\u00edkovej a fluoridov kysel\u00edn; jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e1 tetraedrick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara tie\u017e poskytuje v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom na pou\u017eitie pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 extr\u00e9mne vysokou tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou pri izbovej teplote - pribli\u017ene 490 Wm-1 K-1 v\u010faka absencii ne\u010dist\u00f4t alebo \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych defektov v jeho kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej mrie\u017eke - zatia\u013e \u010do polykry\u0161talick\u00e1 SiC keramika vykazuje v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161iu vodivos\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku n\u00e1hodnej orient\u00e1cie z\u0155n, sekund\u00e1rnych f\u00e1z s ni\u017e\u0161ou vodivos\u0165ou na hraniciach z\u0155n alebo mrie\u017ekov\u00fdch ne\u010dist\u00f4t.<\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Foundry Service poskytuje por\u00e9zny aj plne zhutnen\u00fd b-SiC v \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1le ve\u013ekost\u00ed a chemick\u00fdch zlo\u017een\u00ed na r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad abraz\u00edvne tryskanie, proti\u0161mykov\u00e9 povlaky, povlakovan\u00e9 abraz\u00edva, keramick\u00e9 br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. V\u0161etky pon\u00fakan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly boli nez\u00e1visle certifikovan\u00e9 ako sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00face pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ok karbidu krem\u00edka pon\u00faka v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti oderu a ochranu proti kor\u00f3zii, okrem toho je vysoko \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd, m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00facu tepeln\u00fa vodivos\u0165 a n\u00edzky koeficient roz\u0165a\u017enosti - vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 ho predur\u010duj\u00fa na priemyseln\u00e9 pou\u017eitie. Svetlosiv\u00fd odtie\u0148 karbidu krem\u00edka, podobn\u00fd tvrdosti a hustote diamantu, ale men\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 prasknutia alebo po\u0161kriabania ho predur\u010duj\u00fa na pou\u017eitie ako priemyseln\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Medzi elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti graf\u00e9nu patria jeho polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti a \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah odporu v r\u00f4znych zlo\u017eeniach - a\u017e sedem r\u00e1dov medzi zlo\u017eeniami. Je nerozpustn\u00fd vo vode a alkohole, ale m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu teplotu topenia ako diamant. Okrem toho graf\u00e9n dobre chr\u00e1nia jeho vysoko odoln\u00e9 vlastnosti vo\u010di kyselin\u00e1m, oderu a kor\u00f3zii; niektor\u00e9 kyseliny fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 a dusi\u010dn\u00e9 pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch v\u0161ak sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa jeho r\u00fdchlu kor\u00f3ziu.<\/p>\n
Reak\u010dne viazan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka je zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii v chemick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, s v\u00fdnimkou niektor\u00fdch oxida\u010dn\u00fdch kysel\u00edn (napr\u00edklad dusi\u010dnej a fluorovod\u00edkovej). T\u00e1to odolnos\u0165 vypl\u00fdva z jeho vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti proti oderu.<\/p>\n
Reak\u010dne viazan\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko formova\u0165 do foriem zmie\u0161an\u00edm s plastifik\u00e1torom a vodou na vytvorenie suspenzie a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm odlievan\u00edm alebo vytl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm pomocou valcovania, filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho lisu alebo hydrostatick\u00e9ho tlaku. Tento proces tvarovania mus\u00ed prebieha\u0165 bez z\u00e1sahov v\u00e1pnika, ktor\u00fd by inak naru\u0161il jeho kor\u00f3zne vlastnosti; na splnenie tejto \u00falohy sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sadrov\u00e9 formy namiesto tradi\u010dn\u00fdch foriem na b\u00e1ze piesku ako materi\u00e1l na v\u00fdrobu foriem.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka m\u00e1 na Mohsovej stupnici hodnotu 9,1 a v\u010faka svojej tvrdosti je ide\u00e1lny na rezanie ve\u013emi tvrd\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov alebo tvrd\u00fdch povrchov, ako je napr\u00edklad \u017eula. Okrem toho sa v\u010faka vysokej reznej r\u00fdchlosti a odolnosti vo\u010di opotrebovaniu s ob\u013eubou pou\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010dov, rezn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, br\u00fasnych papierov a pri pieskovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u010cierny karbid krem\u00edka sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva v keramike na presn\u00e9 br\u00fasenie kovov\u00fdch a sklenen\u00fdch dielov na dosiahnutie presn\u00fdch rozmerov a hladk\u00fdch povrchov, \u010dasto v kombin\u00e1cii s karbidom b\u00f3ru na zv\u00fd\u0161enie odolnosti a v\u00fdkonu pri vysokoteplotn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Okrem toho je tento materi\u00e1l u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd pri v\u00fdrobe modern\u00fdch \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach, ako je metalurgia, tavenie a odlievanie.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je nevyhnutn\u00fd v leteckom a kozmickom priemysle na v\u00fdrobu s\u00fa\u010diastok motorov, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa extr\u00e9mnym teplot\u00e1m a tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom, a v sol\u00e1rnych paneloch a palivov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkoch na rozpty\u013eovanie tepla s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165. Karbid krem\u00edka zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu aj v polovodi\u010dovej technol\u00f3gii, kde jeho tepeln\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eitie zariaden\u00ed na spracovanie do\u0161ti\u010diek.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka viazan\u00fd nitridom bol ned\u00e1vno testovan\u00fd v r\u00f4znych p\u00f4dnych podmienkach s cie\u013eom ur\u010di\u0165 jeho odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu. Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u013eahk\u00e1 p\u00f4da poskytuje optim\u00e1lnu odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu; ich r\u00fdchlos\u0165 opotrebovania by v\u0161ak st\u00e1le mohla by\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00e1 typom ocele pou\u017eitej na pracovn\u00e9 \u010dasti v t\u00fdchto podmienkach.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SiC is an ideal material to use for electric vehicle battery inverters due to its ability to withstand high voltages while providing more effective energy conservation and longer driving distances. Though silicon carbide (SiC) occurs naturally in small amounts in meteorites, corundum deposits, and kimberlite, most SiC sold today is synthetically produced and is hard […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions\/101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}