{"id":232,"date":"2024-04-11T07:44:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-10T23:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/?p=232"},"modified":"2024-04-17T11:30:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T03:30:27","slug":"definitia-carburii-de-siliciu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/definitia-carburii-de-siliciu-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbur\u0103 de siliciu Defini\u021bie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (SiC) este un compus cristalin format din siliciu \u0219i carbon, utilizat \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit ca material abraziv, material semiconductor \u0219i datorit\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bilor sale termice \u0219i mecanice. SiC este, de asemenea, un material excelent pentru aplica\u021bii de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune, care contribuie la reducerea at\u00e2t a dimensiunilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i a greut\u0103\u021bii sistemelor electronice de putere ale vehiculelor electrice.<\/p>\n<p>Moissanitul sintetic poate ap\u0103rea \u0219i \u00een natur\u0103 sub forma unui mineral rar, numit moissanit. Este un material dur \u0219i rezistent, cu o duritate de 8-9 pe scara Mohs, care se apropie de duritatea diamantului.<\/p>\n<h2>Este un material cristalin<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (SiC) este un material ceramic neoxidic utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een fabricarea pieselor rezistente la uzur\u0103 datorit\u0103 durit\u0103\u021bii sale, \u00een materiale refractare \u0219i ceramic\u0103 datorit\u0103 rezisten\u021bei termice, \u00een dispozitive electronice datorit\u0103 performan\u021belor superioare fa\u021b\u0103 de siliciu \u00een medii de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune, precum \u0219i \u00een electronica de putere care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la tensiuni \u0219i viteze mai mari. Deoarece prezint\u0103 o band\u0103 interzis\u0103 mai larg\u0103 dec\u00e2t omologii s\u0103i din siliciu, SiC poate fi utilizat \u0219i ca material semiconductor \u00een aplica\u021bii de electronic\u0103 de putere.<\/p>\n<p>SiC este un material extrem de dur, cu leg\u0103turi covalente puternice \u00eentre atomii de carbon \u0219i siliciu, care \u00eei confer\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 incredibil\u0103, fiind dep\u0103\u0219it doar de carbur\u0103 de bor \u0219i diamant \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te rezisten\u021ba sa excep\u021bional\u0103. Inert din punct de vedere chimic \u0219i rezistent la coroziune chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd este \u00eenc\u0103lzit \u00een solu\u021bii de acid clorhidric sau sulfuric, SiC prezint\u0103, de asemenea, o conductivitate termic\u0103 excep\u021bional\u0103, ceea ce \u00eei permite s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 temperatura ambiant\u0103 \u00een scopul depozit\u0103rii pe termen lung.<\/p>\n<p>SiC poate fi produs fie prin reac\u021bia atomilor de siliciu cu carbonul \u00eentr-un reactor de depunere fizic\u0103 din vapori, fie prin sinterizarea pulberii pure folosind metode conven\u021bionale de formare a ceramicii. Alegerea metodei de formare influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 microstructura final\u0103 a materialului \u2013 variet\u0103\u021bile ob\u021binute prin legare prin reac\u021bie (a-SiC) \u0219i cele sinterizate (4H-SiC) av\u00e2nd propriet\u0103\u021bi fizice diferite.<\/p>\n<h2>Este abraziv<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu este un material ceramic dur \u0219i rigid, utilizat ca abraziv eficient. Faptul c\u0103 este mai dur\u0103 \u0219i mai ascu\u021bit\u0103 dec\u00e2t oxidul de aluminiu face din carbur\u0103 de siliciu o alegere ideal\u0103 pentru \u0219lefuirea materialelor dure, precum metalele neferoase \u0219i anumite tipuri de lemn; \u00een plus, se comport\u0103 bine \u00een aplica\u021biile de lustruire umed\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dioxidul de siliciu (SiO\u2082) se ob\u021bine prin reac\u021bia \u0219i piroliza unui amestec de silice \u0219i carbon \u00eentr-un cuptor electric. Odat\u0103 ob\u021binut, acest material prezint\u0103 diverse nuan\u021be, de la negru la verde, \u0219i poate fi chiar dopat cu azot sau bor pentru a-i conferi propriet\u0103\u021bile unui semiconductor.<\/p>\n<p>Materialul din carbur\u0103 de siliciu poate fi utilizat \u00een diverse industrii datorit\u0103 durabilit\u0103\u021bii sale \u0219i a altor calit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een special \u00een aplica\u021bii care necesit\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103, cum ar fi pl\u0103cile ceramice din vestele antiglon\u021b. \u00cen plus, carbur\u0103 de siliciu prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 termic\u0103 \u0219i chimic\u0103 ridicat\u0103, precum \u0219i o dilatare termic\u0103 redus\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu abrazivele similare, precum carbur\u0103 de tungsten sau diamantul.<\/p>\n<h2>Este un semiconductor<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu este un material extrem de dur, cu un grad de duritate de 9 pe scara Mohs, situ\u00e2ndu-se \u00eentre alumin\u0103 (9) \u0219i diamant (10). \u00cen plus, carbur\u0103 de siliciu prezint\u0103 o conductivitate termic\u0103 ridicat\u0103, rate sc\u0103zute de dilatare termic\u0103 \u0219i o rezisten\u021b\u0103 excelent\u0103 la \u0219ocul termic \u2013 caracteristici care o fac potrivit\u0103 pentru electronica de putere, cum ar fi invertoarele utilizate \u00een sistemele de trac\u021biune ale vehiculelor electrice \u2013 iar banda interzis\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00eei permite s\u0103 transfere energia electric\u0103 mai eficient dec\u00e2t dispozitivele tradi\u021bionale din siliciu.<\/p>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu se deosebe\u0219te de moissanit prin faptul c\u0103 poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00een ceramic\u0103 prin sinterizarea granulelor sale \u00eempreun\u0103 cu diverse substan\u021be binare la temperaturi \u0219i presiuni ridicate, ceea ce a permis produc\u021bia \u00een serie a acesteia ca material abraziv \u00eenc\u0103 din 1893; este adesea utilizat\u0103 \u00een aplica\u021bii care necesit\u0103 o durabilitate ridicat\u0103, precum fr\u00e2nele sau ambreiajele auto, diode emi\u021b\u0103toare de lumin\u0103 (LED-uri) \u0219i detectoare \u00een dispozitivele electronice cu semiconductori.<\/p>\n<p>SiC se g\u0103se\u0219te sub diverse forme polimorfe, cu structuri cristaline \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bi fizice distincte. \u00cen aplica\u021biile electronice se prefer\u0103, de obicei, politipul 4H-SiC, cu structura sa cristalin\u0103 hexagonal\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu cea a wurtzitei sau a blendei de zinc.<\/p>\n<h2>Este un material rezistent la temperaturi ridicate<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (SiC) este un material ceramic neoxidic utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een aplica\u021bii mecanice la temperaturi ridicate \u0219i \u00een produc\u021bia de componente electronice, inclusiv semiconductori. SiC se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-un punct de topire extrem de ridicat \u0219i un coeficient sc\u0103zut de dilatare termic\u0103, fiind totodat\u0103 inert din punct de vedere chimic, iar rezisten\u021ba, duritatea \u0219i durabilitatea sa \u00eel fac util \u00een aplica\u021bii precum sablarea abraziv\u0103, care necesit\u0103 materiale refractare cu rezisten\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 la trac\u021biune, cum ar fi pere\u021bii cuptoarelor de cazane, c\u0103r\u0103mizile de protec\u021bie, mufele \u0219i \u0219inele de alunecare ale cuptoarelor.<\/p>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (Carborundum) este un mineral dur \u0219i casant, compus din tetraedri de siliciu \u0219i carbon dispu\u0219i \u00een re\u021bea tetraedric\u0103. Fiind \u00eent\u00e2lnit doar \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi infime \u00een meteori\u021bi \u0219i \u00een z\u0103c\u0103mintele de kimberlit, SiC este produs, \u00een general, pe cale sintetic\u0103 pentru uz industrial. \u00cen starea sa pur\u0103, SiC este de obicei un izolator, dar poate fi dopat cu impurit\u0103\u021bi pentru a prezenta propriet\u0103\u021bi semiconductoare, prin ceea ce se controleaz\u0103 conductivitatea, polaritatea \u0219i rezistivitatea, permi\u021b\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze ca dispozitiv de transport al electronilor \u00een circuite electronice, cum ar fi tranzistoarele cu jonc\u021biune p-n, diodele cu barier\u0103 Schottky \u0219i MOSFET-urile.<\/p>\n<h2>Este un material de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (SiC) este o ceramic\u0103 neoxidic\u0103 extrem de durabil\u0103, cu numeroase propriet\u0103\u021bi avantajoase. Printre acestea, SiC este ideal\u0103 pentru aplica\u021bii de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune, inclusiv pentru alimentarea vehiculelor electrice; banda interzis\u0103 a acesteia este mai larg\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a majorit\u0103\u021bii semiconductorilor din siliciu, ceea ce o face mai potrivit\u0103 pentru tensiuni mai ridicate.<\/p>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu (CNC) este unul dintre cele mai dure materiale cunoscute, necesit\u00e2nd lame cu v\u00e2rf de diamant pentru t\u0103ieturi precise. \u00cen plus, conductivitatea sa termic\u0103 spore\u0219te eficien\u021ba, reduc\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp dimensiunea bateriei unui vehicul.<\/p>\n<p>Produc\u021bia modern\u0103 de carbur\u0103 de siliciu presupune m\u0103cinarea SiC-ului pur p\u00e2n\u0103 la ob\u021binerea unei pulberi, amestecarea acestuia cu aditivi de sinterizare neoxizi \u0219i compactarea sa la temperatur\u0103 \u0219i presiune. Depunerea chimic\u0103 din faz\u0103 de vapori poate fi, de asemenea, utilizat\u0103 \u00een cadrul procesului de fabrica\u021bie a plachetelor de siliciu; acest lucru necesit\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de energie, echipamente \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021be. Procesul original al lui Acheson r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u0219i ast\u0103zi standardul pentru fabricarea carburii de siliciu sintetice.<\/p>\n<h2>Este un material de \u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Carbur\u0103 de siliciu este o ceramic\u0103 inert\u0103 cu numeroase propriet\u0103\u021bi benefice, care o fac extrem de c\u0103utat\u0103 \u00een mediul industrial, de la fr\u00e2ne \u0219i ambreiaje auto p\u00e2n\u0103 la veste antiglon\u021b. Carbur\u0103 de siliciu ofer\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 superioar\u0103 la temperaturi ridicate \u0219i la condi\u021bii abrazive, are coeficien\u021bi de dilatare termic\u0103 redus\u0103 \u0219i este extrem de rezistent\u0103 la coroziune. Datorit\u0103 versatilit\u0103\u021bii sale, carbur\u0103 de siliciu a avut numeroase aplica\u021bii industriale de-a lungul istoriei, inclusiv \u00een produc\u021bia de pl\u0103cu\u021be de fr\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i veste antiglon\u021b.<\/p>\n<p>Carbura de siliciu poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea unui amestec de nisip silicios \u0219i carbon \u00eentr-un cuptor electric de rezisten\u021b\u0103 din c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103, folosind curent electric. Odat\u0103 ob\u021binut\u0103, se pot forma cristale de un verde str\u0103lucitor, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu diamantul, care pot fi apoi purificate pentru a se ob\u021bine carbur\u0103 de siliciu de calitate semiconductor\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Semiconductorii din carbur\u0103 de siliciu prezint\u0103 o l\u0103\u021bime a benzii interzise mai mare dec\u00e2t omologii lor din siliciu, ceea ce permite echipamentelor electronice s\u0103 func\u021bioneze la tensiuni \u0219i frecven\u021be mai ridicate f\u0103r\u0103 a compromite fiabilitatea \u2013 o caracteristic\u0103 care i-a transformat \u00eentr-o alegere popular\u0103 \u00een aplica\u021bii de mare putere, precum electronica de putere pentru vehicule electrice \u0219i instrumentele de pe roverele \u0219i sondele spa\u021biale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Silicon carbide (SiC) is a crystalline compound comprised of silicon and carbon that&#8217;s commonly used as an abrasive material, semiconductor material and for its thermal and mechanical properties. SiC is also an excellent high-voltage material which helps reduce both size and weight when it comes to electric vehicle power electronics systems. Synthetic moissanite can also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}