Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir ciets \u0137\u012bmisks savienojums, kas sast\u0101v no sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca, dab\u0101 sastopams k\u0101 moisan\u012bta d\u0101rgakmens un masveid\u0101 ra\u017eots izmanto\u0161anai abraz\u012bvos, metalur\u0123ij\u0101 un ugunsiztur\u012bgajos materi\u0101los.<\/p>\n
SiC ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113rots ugunsiztur\u012bgiem \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ciem un citiem ugunsiztur\u012bgiem izstr\u0101d\u0101jumiem, jo tas ir iztur\u012bgs pret augst\u0101m temperat\u016br\u0101m un termiskiem triecieniem, tam ir pusvado\u0161s raksturs un atomu strukt\u016bra, kas padara to karstumiztur\u012bgu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, ko bie\u017e\u0101k d\u0113v\u0113 par karborundu vai SiC, ir keramikas materi\u0101ls, kam piem\u012bt gan struktur\u0101las, gan pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Pateicoties iztur\u012bbai, augstai temperat\u016bras iztur\u012bbai un \u0137\u012bmiskai inertumam pat paaugstin\u0101t\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s, SiC ir lielisks materi\u0101ls abraz\u012bviem, metalur\u0123ij\u0101 un ugunsiztur\u012bgajos materi\u0101los; turkl\u0101t t\u0101 pusvad\u012bt\u0101jiem l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas padara to labi piem\u0113rotu augstas jaudas ier\u012bc\u0113m, kas darbojas temperat\u016br\u0101s, kuras parastie pusvad\u012bt\u0101ji nesp\u0113j iztur\u0113t.<\/p>\n
SiC var ra\u017eot, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101dus ra\u017eo\u0161anas pa\u0146\u0113mienus, no kuriem katrs pied\u0101v\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas konkr\u0113tiem lietojumiem. Piem\u0113ram, Achesona process pied\u0101v\u0101 augstas stipr\u012bbas sare\u017e\u0123\u012btas formas; reakcijas saist\u012bt\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda (RBSC) process nodro\u0161ina augstu t\u012br\u012bbas pak\u0101pi; savuk\u0101rt \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 tvaiku uzkl\u0101\u0161ana pied\u0101v\u0101 iesp\u0113ju rad\u012bt \u012bpa\u0161i t\u012brus p\u0101rkl\u0101jumus.<\/p>\n
Komerci\u0101l\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 parasti izmanto elektrisk\u0101s kr\u0101sns procesu, kur\u0101 k\u0101 oglek\u013ca avots tiek izmantots zemas pelnu koncentr\u0101cijas naftas kokss, kas tiek sasmalcin\u0101ts un samalts pirms \u0161\u0137iro\u0161anas un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s apstr\u0101des, lai atbilstu \u012bpa\u0161\u0101m veiktsp\u0113jas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcijs un ogleklis izejviel\u0101s \u0137\u012bmiski rea\u0123\u0113, veidojot politipus jeb elementu sakopojumus, un viens no popul\u0101r\u0101kajiem politipiem ir kubiskais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (a-SiC), kura ciet\u012bba p\u0113c Mosa skalas ir 9. Lai gan \u0161\u0101da veida miner\u0101lus var ieg\u016bt k\u0101 izejvielas, visbie\u017e\u0101k tos ieg\u016bst kombin\u0113tos procesos: reakciju savieno\u0161anas un sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101.<\/p>\n
Reakcijas saist\u012b\u0161ana ir process, kur\u0101, izmantojot reakcijas saist\u012b\u0161anu, ap elektrisk\u0101s pretest\u012bbas kr\u0101sni apvieno un ap elektrisk\u0101s pretest\u012bbas kr\u0101sni veido samaltu sil\u012bcija smil\u0161u un oglek\u013ca mais\u012bjumu zemas pelnvielu koncentr\u0101cijas naftas koksa veid\u0101. P\u0113c tam caur vad\u012bt\u0101ju lai\u017e elektrisko str\u0101vu, izraisot \u0137\u012bmisku reakciju un izveidojot cilindrisku a-SiC un b-SiC liet\u0146u; nerea\u0123\u0113ju\u0161ais a-SiC paliek uz liet\u0146a virsmas. P\u0113c tam pievieno \u0161\u0137idro sil\u012bciju, saistot s\u0101kotn\u0113ji atsevi\u0161\u0137os krist\u0101lus kop\u0101 vien\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukt\u0101 kubisko SiC krist\u0101lu strukt\u016br\u0101, kas ir piem\u0113rota liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai r\u016bpniecisko lietojumu; da\u017ek\u0101rt var notikt turpm\u0101ka apstr\u0101de, lai ieg\u016btu metalur\u0123iskas kvalit\u0101tes materi\u0101lu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir neorganisks \u0137\u012bmisks savienojums, kas sast\u0101v no oglek\u013ca un sil\u012bcija un dab\u0101 sastopams k\u0101 retais miner\u0101ls moizan\u012bts, ta\u010du kop\u0161 1893. gada to ra\u017eo ar\u012b sint\u0113tiski pulvera veid\u0101, lai izmantotu k\u0101 abraz\u012bvu. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir vissmag\u0101kais sint\u0113tiskais materi\u0101ls starp alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu (alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu) un dimantu p\u0113c Mosa ciet\u012bbas skalas, un t\u0101 siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ja, zemais termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficients un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 inertums padara to \u013coti piem\u0113rotu r\u016bpnieciskiem ugunsiztur\u012bgiem materi\u0101liem, piem\u0113ram, kr\u0101sns \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ciem.<\/p>\n
Metalur\u0123isk\u0101s kvalit\u0101tes SiC parasti ra\u017eo Achesona proces\u0101, kas ietver t\u0101du izejvielu k\u0101 kvarca smiltis (sil\u012bcija smiltis) sajauk\u0161anu ar naftas koksu vai antrac\u012bta ogl\u0113m elektrisk\u0101 loka kr\u0101sn\u012b, kas uzkars\u0113ta l\u012bdz aptuveni 2600 gr\u0101diem p\u0113c Celsija. \u0160aj\u0101 kars\u0113\u0161anas proces\u0101 sil\u012bcija dioks\u012bds (SiO2) reduc\u0113jas un p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161as par SiC un citiem savienojumiem, ko sauc par metalur\u0123iskajiem silik\u0101tiem, kurus atkar\u012bb\u0101 no to kvalit\u0101tes v\u0113l\u0101k atkal sama\u013c meln\u0101 vai za\u013c\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bd\u0101.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161ana, izmantojot \u0161o metodi, nodro\u0161ina augstu izn\u0101kumu, sara\u017eojot l\u012bdz 11,3 tonn\u0101m meln\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda no vienas kr\u0101sns l\u0101des. Tom\u0113r augst\u0101kas t\u012br\u012bbas pak\u0101pes SiC var ieg\u016bt, izmantojot d\u0101rg\u0101kas metodes, piem\u0113ram, Lely procesu.<\/p>\n
Silikona karb\u012bds sastopams da\u017e\u0101dos polimorfos jeb form\u0101s, un katrai no t\u0101m piem\u012bt at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Piem\u0113ram, alfa sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam (a-SiC) ir heksagon\u0101la krist\u0101lisk\u0101 strukt\u016bra, kas l\u012bdz\u012bga virtc\u012btam, bet beta modific\u0113tais b-SiC satur cinka blende krist\u0101lisko strukt\u016bru, kas l\u012bdz\u012bga dimantam.<\/p>\n
Neatkar\u012bgi no polimora vis\u0101m sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda form\u0101m ir l\u012bdz\u012bga sl\u0101\u0146aina strukt\u016bra, kur\u0101 sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca atomi ir saist\u012bti kop\u0101 tetraedrisk\u0101 konfigur\u0101cij\u0101. SiC no bora karb\u012bda at\u0161\u0137iras ar to, ka t\u0101 strukt\u016br\u0101 uz katru sil\u012bcija atomu ir tr\u012bs oglek\u013ca atomi - at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no rombveida strukt\u016bras, kas bora karb\u012bdam nodro\u0161ina lab\u0101kas meh\u0101nisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un liel\u0101ku komerci\u0101lo dz\u012bvotsp\u0113ju; l\u012bdz ar to a-SiC var\u0113ja lepoties ar lab\u0101k\u0101m meh\u0101nisk\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, k\u013c\u016bstot par domin\u0113jo\u0161o, l\u012bdz par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s b-SiC, kas ir \u0161\u0137\u012bd\u012bg\u0101ks.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi ciets, krist\u0101lisks materi\u0101ls ar daudzveid\u012bgu pielietojumu r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101. Visbie\u017e\u0101k to izmanto k\u0101 abraz\u012bvu sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas ripu, griez\u0113jinstrumentu un smil\u0161pap\u012bra ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, jo tas ir \u013coti iztur\u012bgs un ciets; tom\u0113r citi izmanto\u0161anas veidi ir elektriskie izolatori, ugunsiztur\u012bgie materi\u0101li un keramika - t\u0101 zem\u0101s termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas padara to par ide\u0101lu materi\u0101lu izmanto\u0161anai augsttemperat\u016bras vid\u0113, lai gan bie\u017ei vien to p\u0101rkl\u0101j ar alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu, lai v\u0113l vair\u0101k pagarin\u0101tu t\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas ilgumu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161ana s\u0101kas, vispirms elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b kars\u0113jot neapstr\u0101d\u0101tu sil\u012bcija dioks\u012bdu un oglekli, l\u012bdz to savienojumi apvienojas, veidojot sil\u012bcija dioks\u012bdu un oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bda g\u0101zi, p\u0113c tam vair\u0101kas dienas \u017e\u0101v\u0113 inert\u0101 atmosf\u0113r\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 no 1400 l\u012bdz 2700 gr\u0101diem p\u0113c Celsija - tas \u013cauj efekt\u012bvi atbr\u012bvoties no piemais\u012bjumiem, ieg\u016bstot gandr\u012bz t\u012bru sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda liet\u0146u.<\/p>\n
P\u0113c tam kvalific\u0113ti darbinieki \u0161os liet\u0146us \u0161\u0137iro un klasific\u0113 da\u017e\u0101dos izm\u0113ros, form\u0101s un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101v\u0101, kas atbilst da\u017e\u0101diem pielietojumiem. P\u0113c tam, kad kvalific\u0113ti str\u0101dnieki to ir sa\u0161\u0137iroju\u0161i un klasific\u0113ju\u0161i, to var t\u0101l\u0101k apstr\u0101d\u0101t izmanto\u0161anai t\u0101d\u0101s nozar\u0113s k\u0101 abraz\u012bvie materi\u0101li, metalur\u0123ija un ugunsiztur\u012bgie materi\u0101li, k\u0101 ar\u012b, pievienojot tam le\u0123\u0113jo\u0161os materi\u0101lus, to var izmantot par le\u0123\u0113jo\u0161iem elementiem pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju izstr\u0101d\u0101jumu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n
L\u0113jumam pievienojot lejamvielas, var ieg\u016bt vair\u0101kus politipus ar at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101m fizik\u0101laj\u0101m un elektriskaj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. Bors un alum\u012bnijs padar\u012bs sil\u012bciju par p tipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju, bet sl\u0101peklis un fosfors rad\u012bs n tipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju.<\/p>\n
T\u012bra sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161ana prasa sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu un r\u016bp\u012bgu procesu, kas prasa prec\u012bzu uzman\u012bbu katram solim. Ugunsiztur\u012bgajiem materi\u0101liem, ko ra\u017eo no sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda izmanto\u0161anai abraz\u012bvaj\u0101, metalur\u0123ijas un ugunsiztur\u012bgaj\u0101 r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, bie\u017ei vien ir unik\u0101las specifik\u0101cijas, piem\u0113ram, graudu izm\u0113ri, saistvielu veidi, t\u012br\u012bbas l\u012bmenis, bl\u012bvuma l\u012bmenis un porain\u012bbas pras\u012bbas. M\u016bsu Washington Mills komanda labpr\u0101t sadarbosies ar klientiem, lai izprastu vi\u0146u individu\u0101l\u0101s pras\u012bbas, vienlaikus izp\u0113tot visas iesp\u0113jas ar CARBOREX produktiem.<\/p>\n
Silicija karb\u012bdu var b\u016bt gr\u016bti apstr\u0101d\u0101t un sl\u012bp\u0113t, t\u0101p\u0113c grie\u0161anai vai sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anai ir nepiecie\u0161ami dimanta vai ultraska\u0146as instrumenti. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 maigajai virsmai ir nepiecie\u0161ama r\u016bp\u012bga apstr\u0101de, lai izvair\u012btos no lob\u012b\u0161an\u0101s vai \u0161\u0137embu veido\u0161an\u0101s, jo t\u0101 iztur\u012bba \u013cauj tam labi iztur\u0113t \u013coti augstas temperat\u016bras kr\u0101sn\u012bs vai kr\u0101sn\u012bs.<\/p>\n
A\u010dsona process. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu var izveidot, izmantojot \u0161o procesu, sajaucot sil\u012bcija smiltis ar oglek\u013ca pulverveida koksu, lai veidotos za\u013ca vai melna cieta viela, ko p\u0113c tam var sasmalcin\u0101t smalk\u0101 pulver\u012b un sajaukt ar cit\u0101m sast\u0101vda\u013c\u0101m, lai veidotu plastifikatoru, kas \u013cauj sil\u012bcija dioks\u012bdam un oglek\u013ca atomiem savienoties un p\u0113c tam veidot, izmantojot veidnes, pirms infiltr\u0101cijas ar \u0161\u0137idro sil\u012bciju, lai ieg\u016btu reakcijas saist\u012btu materi\u0101lu vai sa\u0137epin\u0101tu materi\u0101lu.<\/p>\n
Sa\u0137epin\u0101tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir t\u012br\u0101ks nek\u0101 reakcijas sa\u0137epin\u0101tais, to ir viegl\u0101k apstr\u0101d\u0101t un veidot, un tam ir lieliska iztur\u012bba pret koroziju, nodilumu un termisko triecienu - tas sp\u0113j iztur\u0113t 1600 gr\u0101du temperat\u016bru, nepak\u013caujoties oksid\u0101cijai vai \u0137\u012bmiskam iedarb\u012bbai. \u0160o \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c to izmanto visda\u017e\u0101d\u0101kajos r\u016bpnieciskos lietojumos.<\/p>\n
Sinter\u0113\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123ija tiek pla\u0161i izmantota progres\u012bvos elektroniskos lietojumos. \u0160im nol\u016bkam, izmantojot sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anas procesu, tiek izgatavoti lieli monokrist\u0101lu lodes gabali, kas p\u0113c tam tiek sagriezti pl\u0101ksn\u0113s izmanto\u0161anai pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju ier\u012bc\u0113s. Da\u017ereiz t\u012brus materi\u0101lus var sajaukt ar boriem vai alum\u012bniju, lai palielin\u0101tu ciet\u012bbu un r\u016bd\u012bjumu.<\/p>\n
Ar sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anu var izveidot augstas stipr\u012bbas keramiku, kas ir iztur\u012bga pret plais\u0101\u0161anu. \u0160\u012b veida keramika ir ne tikai iztur\u012bga pret augst\u0101m temperat\u016br\u0101m, bet ar\u012b \u013coti ugunsiztur\u012bga pret \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101m viel\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, s\u0113rsk\u0101bi un fluor\u016bde\u0146ra\u017esk\u0101bi; no t\u0101 ar\u012b c\u0113lies nosaukums a-SiC. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ciet\u012bba, stingr\u012bba, siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ja un ciet\u012bba padara to v\u0113lamu ar\u012b k\u0101 astronomisko teleskopu spogu\u013cu materi\u0101lu; at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no daudziem citiem spogu\u013cu materi\u0101liem tas saglab\u0101jas stabils temperat\u016bras mai\u0146as laik\u0101, nedeform\u0113joties zem sava svara, kas \u013cauj aizst\u0101t stiklu da\u017e\u0101dos teleskopu mode\u013cos, s\u0101kot no maziem rokas mode\u013ciem l\u012bdz pat milz\u012bg\u0101m kosmosa observatorij\u0101m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard chemical compound comprised of silicon and carbon, found naturally as moissanite gemstone and produced mass-scale for use in abrasives, metallurgical applications and refractories. SiC is ideal for fire bricks and other refractory products due to its resistance to high temperature and thermal shock, its semi-conductive nature, and atomic structure […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":478,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions\/478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}