Moisan\u012bts izce\u013cas k\u0101 izcils d\u0101rgakmens, kas mirdz ar liel\u0101ku uguns un mirdzumu nek\u0101 dimants. Kop\u0161 t\u0101 atkl\u0101\u0161anas pirms vair\u0101k nek\u0101 100 gadiem, t\u0101 valdzino\u0161ais skaistums ir saj\u016bsmin\u0101jis juvelierus.<\/p>\n
Francij\u0101 dz\u012bvojo\u0161ais Anr\u012b Mois\u0101ns (Henri Moissan) pirmais atkl\u0101ja moisan\u012btu meteor\u012btos un kimberl\u012btos, lai gan m\u016bsdien\u0101s liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca juvelierizstr\u0101d\u0101jumu moisan\u012bta ir laboratoriski rad\u012bti, izmantojot modernu termisko metodi.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i jauns pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju b\u0101zes materi\u0101ls, tom\u0113r t\u0101 perspekt\u012bv\u0101s iesp\u0113jas jaudas un RF lietojumos tika \u0101tri apzin\u0101tas. Tom\u0113r m\u016bsdien\u0101s Lely process ir SiC substr\u0101tu ra\u017eo\u0161anas metode, kas ietver monokrist\u0101lu audz\u0113\u0161anu kontrol\u0113t\u0101 augsttemperat\u016bras vid\u0113, izmantojot \u013coti t\u012bru Si un oglekli, lai veidotu monokrist\u0101lus, kurus p\u0113c tam audz\u0113 k\u0101 liet\u0146us ar noteiktu t\u012br\u012bbu, stehiometriju, graudu lieluma sadal\u012bjumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b elektriskos parametrus, piem\u0113ram, vad\u012btsp\u0113jas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b ra\u017eo\u0161anas metode atspogu\u013co moisan\u012bta dabisko veido\u0161anos, vair\u0101kus m\u0113ne\u0161us veidojot lielus krist\u0101lus inert\u0101 atmosf\u0113r\u0101, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di atdarinot dabiskos veido\u0161an\u0101s procesus. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek ieg\u016bti krist\u0101li ar v\u0113lam\u0101m fizik\u0101l\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, zemu termisko izple\u0161anos un labu stingr\u012bbu, kas ir ide\u0101las \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, sildelementiem.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012btu var izveidot divos posmos. Vispirms ir j\u0101sintez\u0113 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds. To var izdar\u012bt, elektrisk\u0101 loka kr\u0101sn\u012b kars\u0113jot t\u012bru sil\u012bcija kvarca smil\u0161u un naftas koksa mais\u012bjumu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ieg\u016bstot bl\u012bvu sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda materi\u0101lu, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs moisan\u012bta strukt\u016brai.<\/p>\n
P\u0113c izejmateri\u0101la s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s sint\u0113zes tiek \u012bstenoti papildu procesi, lai to p\u0101rveidotu krist\u0101lisk\u0101 substr\u0101t\u0101. Tie ietver dekarboniz\u0101ciju, kristaliz\u0101ciju un piemais\u012bjumu att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu, lai galu gal\u0101 ieg\u016btu krist\u0101lus ar t\u0101d\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m k\u0101 augsts refrakcijas koeficients un zema termisk\u0101 izple\u0161an\u0101s.<\/p>\n
\u0160\u0101 procesa pamat\u0101 ir Lely metode, ko 1955. gad\u0101 izgudroja \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is Lely. T\u0101 ietver sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda iztvaic\u0113\u0161anu un kondens\u0101ciju, nep\u0101riet \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b; tom\u0113r tas rad\u012bja gr\u016bt\u012bbas kontrol\u0113t piemais\u012bjumus. Asto\u0146desmito gadu s\u0101kum\u0101 cits \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is Deiviss atkl\u0101ja veidu, k\u0101 kontrol\u0113t piemais\u012bjumus, kars\u0113jot sil\u012bcija tvaiku karb\u012bdu l\u012bdz 2500 gr\u0101diem p\u0113c Celsija un p\u0113c tam atdzes\u0113jot argona g\u0101zes atmosf\u0113r\u0101; t\u0101 tika ieg\u016bti dzidri un bezkr\u0101saini krist\u0101li, kurus s\u0101ka d\u0113v\u0113t par moisan\u012btu p\u0113c to atkl\u0101j\u0113ja Anr\u012b Moisana (Henri Moissan) v\u0101rdiem.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi ciets miner\u0101ls, kura ciet\u012bba p\u0113c Mosa skalas ir 9, un tas ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem miner\u0101liem uz zemes. No sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda var izgatavot lo\u017eu necaurlaid\u012bgas vestes un keramikas pl\u0101ksnes; turkl\u0101t to bie\u017ei izmanto grie\u0161anai k\u0101 abraz\u012bvu. Turkl\u0101t sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds nodro\u0161ina labu darb\u012bbu augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s, pateicoties t\u0101 zemajam termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficientam.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012bts ir d\u0101rgakmens, kas sast\u0101v no sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda, kuru 1893. gad\u0101 pirmo reizi atkl\u0101ja Anr\u012b Mois\u0101ns un nosauca vi\u0146a v\u0101rd\u0101. Lai gan moisan\u012bts ir rets, to var atrast tikai dzelzs-ni\u0137e\u013ca meteor\u012btos vai da\u017eos ultram\u0101fisk\u0101 vulk\u0101na veidojumos. S\u0101kotn\u0113ji par t\u0101 atkl\u0101\u0161anu bija \u0161aubas, jo da\u017ei uzskat\u012bja, ka t\u0101 paraugi var\u0113tu b\u016bt pies\u0101r\u0146oti ar z\u0101\u0123a asme\u0146iem, ko izmantoja meteor\u012btu grie\u0161anai, tom\u0113r \u0161is arguments ir atsp\u0113kots, jo Dr. Henri Moissan, gatavojot paraugus, pats izmantoja tikai sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda asme\u0146us!<\/p>\n
Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca m\u016bsdien\u0101s ra\u017eoto sint\u0113tisko moisan\u012btu ir sint\u0113tiski; liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca ra\u017eot\u0101ju ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 izmanto pl\u016bsmas aug\u0161anas metodi. T\u0101 ietver sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda pulvera un fluksa mais\u012bjuma kars\u0113\u0161anu augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, p\u0113c tam to pak\u0101peniski l\u0113ni atdzes\u0113jot, l\u012bdz notiek kristaliz\u0101cija uz s\u0113klas krist\u0101la un rodas moisan\u012bts, kas ir p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i l\u012bdz\u012bgs t\u0101 dabiskajam analogam.<\/p>\n
PVT (fizik\u0101l\u0101 tvaiku p\u0101rneses) process pied\u0101v\u0101 v\u0113l vienu veidu, k\u0101 ra\u017eot sint\u0113tisko moizan\u012btu. Tas ietver sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda sublim\u0101ciju vakuum\u0101 pirms t\u0101 nogulsn\u0113\u0161anas uz s\u0113klas krist\u0101liem, radot vair\u0101kus krist\u0101lus vienlaic\u012bgi un viegli kontrol\u0113jot to lielumu.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012bta rotaslietas var b\u016bt pieejam\u0101kas cilv\u0113kiem, kuri v\u0113las uzman\u012bbu piesaisto\u0161u rotaslietu ar unik\u0101lu kr\u0101su un dzidrumu, nek\u0101 t\u0101 dimanta ekvivalents, jo t\u0101 cenu nosaka nevis kar\u0101tu svars, bet gan milimetru izm\u0113rs. Turkl\u0101t moisan\u012bts sver 15% maz\u0101k nek\u0101 dimanti, t\u0101p\u0113c ir liel\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja ieg\u016bt liel\u0101kus izstr\u0101d\u0101jumus par to pa\u0161u cenu.<\/p>\n
PVT test\u0113\u0161ana \u013cauj ra\u017eo\u0161anas komand\u0101m nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka katra mikrosh\u0113ma darbojas maksim\u0101li efekt\u012bvi, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 temperat\u016bras un jaudas specifik\u0101cijas, riska p\u0101rvald\u012bbas protokolus, p\u0101rdodamu produktu dizainu un masveida ra\u017eo\u0161anas jaudu. Turkl\u0101t PVT \u013cauj komand\u0101m pirms masveida ra\u017eo\u0161anas uzlabot produktus vai veikt nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s modifik\u0101cijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b veikt citus testus, piem\u0113ram, ALC vai vibr\u0101cijas testus.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir r\u016bpniecisks materi\u0101ls ar daudz\u0101m pielieto\u0161anas iesp\u0113j\u0101m elektronik\u0101. SiC ir platjoslas pusvad\u012bt\u0101js ar lielisku termisko stabilit\u0101ti un \u0161\u0137el\u0161an\u0101s spriegumu, t\u0101p\u0113c to izmanto t\u0101d\u0101s ier\u012bc\u0113s k\u0101 MOSFET un \u0160otkija diodes, kur\u0101s izmanto t\u0101 jaudas iesp\u0113jas. Sakar\u0101 ar zemo siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ju un dopinga pras\u012bb\u0101m, kas nepiecie\u0161amas elektrisku \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu uzlabo\u0161anai, iesp\u0113jams, b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161amas papildu modifik\u0101cijas, pirms \u0161o materi\u0101lu var\u0113s izmantot komponentos, kas darbojas augst\u0101k\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, piem\u0113ram, g\u0101zes turb\u012bn\u0101s.<\/p>\n
Fizik\u0101l\u0101 tvaiku transport\u0113\u0161anas metode (PVT) var b\u016bt efekt\u012bvs l\u012bdzeklis lielu, augstas kvalit\u0101tes sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda krist\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161anai. \u0160aj\u0101 proces\u0101 izkaus\u0113tais sil\u012bcija ogleklis no graf\u012bta t\u012b\u0123e\u013ca augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 caur porainu barjeras elementu tiek izvad\u012bts cauri graf\u012bta t\u012b\u0123elim, l\u012bdz sublim\u0113jas; tad t\u0101 tvaiki izpl\u016bst cauri \u0161im barjeras elementam, pirms nogulsn\u0113jas uz s\u0113klas krist\u0101liem. Par barjeras elementu var kalpot jebkur\u0161 materi\u0101ls, kas ir pietiekami porains, lai \u013cautu sil\u012bcija tvaiku caurlaid\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012bts, ko parasti d\u0113v\u0113 par miner\u0101la blakusproduktu, var lepoties ar lielisk\u0101m meh\u0101nisk\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, un to var izaudz\u0113t da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s form\u0101s. Moisan\u012bts ir \u013coti iztur\u012bgs pret skr\u0101p\u0113jumiem un nobr\u0101zumiem, tas ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem miner\u0101liem, kura ciet\u012bba Mosa skal\u0101 ir 9,25, un tas ir \u013coti iztur\u012bgs pret plais\u0101m vai l\u016bzumiem, laika gait\u0101 nesaboj\u0101jot.<\/p>\n
Lai gan moisan\u012bts nav pla\u0161i pieejams miner\u0101ls, nelielos daudzumos to var atrast da\u017eos meteor\u012btos un korund\u0101 - cit\u0101 sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca savienojum\u0101. T\u0101 k\u0101 moisan\u012btam ir se\u0161st\u016braina krist\u0101lisk\u0101 strukt\u016bra un tas ir stabils augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, to var viegli atliet da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s form\u0101s, lai izmantotu ar\u012b juvelierizstr\u0101d\u0101jumos.<\/p>\n
\u0136\u012bmisk\u0101 p\u0101rkl\u0101\u0161ana no tvaikiem jeb CVD ir inovat\u012bva metode, ko izmanto, lai uz substr\u0101tiem uzkl\u0101tu negaisto\u0161as cietas pl\u0113ves. \u0160o metodi var izmantot pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju pl\u0101k\u0161\u0146u, sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda un citu materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161anai; t\u0101s pielietojumu diapazons ir no pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju pl\u0101k\u0161\u0146u ra\u017eo\u0161anas paaugstin\u0101t\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 l\u012bdz atmosf\u0113ras spiediena videi. Prekursoru g\u0101zes adsorb\u0113jas un rea\u0123\u0113 pl\u0101ksnes virsm\u0101, veidojot v\u0113lamo materi\u0101lu, kas atbilst t\u0101s krist\u0101liskajai strukt\u016brai, ieg\u016bstot \u013coti bl\u012bvu rezult\u0101tu, ko var ar\u012b veidot v\u0113lamaj\u0101s form\u0101s.<\/p>\n
CVD tehnolo\u0123ijai ir daudz pielietojumu elektronik\u0101, optoelektronik\u0101 un katal\u012bz\u0113 - s\u0101kot no monokrist\u0101la sil\u012bcija epitaksijas sl\u0101\u0146u ra\u017eo\u0161anas l\u012bdz mikroelektromeh\u0101nisko sist\u0113mu (MEMS) un nanoelektromeh\u0101nisko sist\u0113mu (NEMS) izgatavo\u0161anai. Diem\u017e\u0113l augstas temperat\u016bras pras\u012bbas SiC audz\u0113\u0161anai ir ierobe\u017eoju\u0161as t\u0101 izmanto\u0161anu MEMS\/NEMS ier\u012b\u010du izgatavo\u0161an\u0101, ta\u010du tiek veikti p\u0113t\u012bjumi, lai izstr\u0101d\u0101tu zemas temperat\u016bras CVD procesus izmanto\u0161anai \u0161ajos procesos.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012bts ir sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda forma, kas rad\u012bta laboratorij\u0101s, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101das metodes. Moisan\u012bts ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem miner\u0101liem uz Zemes ar Mosa ciet\u012bbas pak\u0101pi 9,25, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 l\u012bdz\u012bgo termisko un elektrisko \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c tas ir k\u013cuvis paz\u012bstams k\u0101 alternat\u012bva dimantam; t\u0101p\u0113c tas tiek d\u0113v\u0113ts par \"dimanta aizst\u0101j\u0113ju\". Moisan\u012bts var lepoties ar lielisk\u0101m iztur\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas nov\u0113r\u0161 skr\u0101p\u0113jumus vai grie\u0161anu - tas ir k\u013cuvis ar\u012b par popul\u0101ru alternat\u012bvu juvelierizstr\u0101d\u0101jumu izv\u0113li, pateicoties t\u0101 pieejamo kr\u0101su daudzveid\u012bbai.<\/p>\n
\u0136\u012bmisk\u0101 tvaiku uzkl\u0101\u0161ana jeb CVD ir lab\u0101kais process moisan\u012bta ra\u017eo\u0161anai. \u0160is pa\u0146\u0113miens ietver sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca mais\u012bjuma kars\u0113\u0161anu \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101, pirms g\u0101zes ievad\u012b\u0161anas vakuuma kamer\u0101, lai veidotos sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda krist\u0101li. CVD ir daudz priek\u0161roc\u012bbu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar cit\u0101m moisan\u012bta ra\u017eo\u0161anas metod\u0113m.<\/p>\n
Sint\u0113tisko moisan\u012btu var ra\u017eot ar\u012b sint\u0113tiski laboratorij\u0101, kas ir ekonomiska alternat\u012bva dab\u012bgajam dimantam. Ar l\u012bdz\u012bgu \u0137\u012bmisko sast\u0101vu un kr\u0101su iesp\u0113j\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, ziliem, za\u013ciem, sarkaniem un pel\u0113kiem to\u0146iem, tas nodro\u0161ina t\u0101du pa\u0161u optisk\u0101s caurlaid\u012bbas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju k\u0101 dab\u012bgais dimants, padarot sint\u0113tisko moisan\u012btu par lielisku kandid\u0101tu optisko p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu pielieto\u0161anai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Moissanite stands out from the pack as an exceptional gem, sparkling with more fire and brilliance than diamond. Since its discovery over 100 years ago, its captivating beauty has entranced jewelers. Henri Moissan of France was the first to discover moissanite in meteorites and kimberlites, though most jewelry-grade moissanite today is lab-created using an advanced […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":402,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions\/402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}