Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, lab\u0101k paz\u012bstams ar akron\u012bmu SiC, ir viens no vissmag\u0101kajiem sint\u0113tiskajiem materi\u0101liem, kas \u0161obr\u012bd ir pieejams tirg\u016b, un to pla\u0161i izmanto griez\u0113jinstrumentos, pateicoties t\u0101 ciet\u012bbai, k\u0101 ar\u012b ugunsiztur\u012bgajos materi\u0101los, pateicoties t\u0101 iztur\u012bbai pret augstu temperat\u016bru un termisko \u0161oku. Tas ir pla\u0161i izmantots ar\u012b k\u0101 pretkorozijas p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu materi\u0101ls elektronik\u0101.<\/p>\n
SiC ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi iztur\u012bgs heksagon\u0101ls \u0137\u012bmisks savienojums ar pla\u0161u joslas spraugu pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. Tas \u013cauj SiC iztur\u0113t liel\u0101kus elektriskos laukus, vienlaikus str\u0101d\u0101jot ar liel\u0101ku \u0101trumu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds t\u012br\u0101 veid\u0101 darbojas k\u0101 elektriskais izolators; tom\u0113r, pievienojot piemais\u012bjumus vai lecin\u0101t\u0101jus (lecin\u0101t\u0101jus izmanto, lai pievienotu lecin\u0101t\u0101jus, kas maina t\u0101 elektrovad\u012btsp\u0113ju), t\u0101 uzved\u012bba main\u0101s, k\u013c\u016bstot pusvad\u012bt\u0101jam un galu gal\u0101 atkal pusvad\u012bt\u0101jam. Ar t\u0101diem elementiem k\u0101 alum\u012bnijs, bors, gallijs vai attiec\u012bgi sl\u0101peklis\/fosfors (attiec\u012bgi p tipa vai n tipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101js).<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda krist\u0101lisko strukt\u016bru veido divi prim\u0101rie koordin\u0101cijas tetraedri, kas sast\u0101v no \u010detriem kop\u0101 saist\u012btiem sil\u012bcija un \u010detriem oglek\u013ca atomiem, radot sp\u0113c\u012bgu elektrostatisko mijiedarb\u012bbu, kas atgr\u016b\u017e protonus, elektronus un neitronus no t\u0101 virsmas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di padarot to iztur\u012bgu pret koroziju, ko izraisa daudzi \u0137\u012bmiskie faktori, piem\u0113ram, sk\u0101bes.<\/p>\n
Atgr\u016b\u017eot l\u0101di\u0146a nes\u0113jus, palielin\u0101s ar\u012b t\u0101 siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ja, padarot materi\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161i karstumiztur\u012bgu un piem\u0113rotu darbam augst\u0101k\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101. T\u0101 k\u0101 keramika tik efekt\u012bvi pretojas l\u0101di\u0146u nes\u0113jiem, to var izmantot pat bru\u0146uvest\u0113s, kur lodes nevar iek\u013c\u016bt caur t\u0101s cieto keramikas bloku strukt\u016bru.<\/p>\n
SiC ir pla\u0161\u0101ka joslas sprauga nek\u0101 standarta sil\u012bcija pusvad\u012bt\u0101jiem, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tas var nodro\u0161in\u0101t liel\u0101ku spriegumu un frekvenci, vienlaikus apstr\u0101d\u0101jot liel\u0101ku jaudas slodzi, kas ir svar\u012bga \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba elektronik\u0101, kurai nepiecie\u0161ama liel\u0101ka jauda pie augst\u0101kas sprieguma un frekvences, piem\u0113ram, elektriskajos transportl\u012bdzek\u013cos un kosmosa ku\u0123u energoelektronikas komponentos.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda iztur\u012bba, ciet\u012bba un iztur\u012bba pret koroziju padara to par lielisku materi\u0101lu augstas veiktsp\u0113jas in\u017eeniertehniskajiem lietojumiem, piem\u0113ram, s\u016bk\u0146u gult\u0146iem, v\u0101rstiem, smil\u0161u str\u016bklas in\u017eektoriem vai ekstr\u016bzijas veidn\u0113m. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 iztur\u012bba, \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 inertums un zem\u0101 termisk\u0101 izple\u0161an\u0101s padara to piem\u0113rotu ekstr\u0113miem un augstas temperat\u016bras in\u017eeniertehniskajiem lietojumiem.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu, ko bie\u017e\u0101k d\u0113v\u0113 par karborundu, ieg\u016bst, apvienojot sil\u012bciju un oglekli, veidojot iztur\u012bgu keramiku ar se\u0161st\u016brainu strukt\u016bru. Pateicoties t\u0101 pla\u0161ajai joslas spraugai pusvad\u012bt\u0101ja \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c, sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds var iztur\u0113t spriegumu, kas 10 reizes p\u0101rsniedz sil\u012bcija spriegumu.<\/p>\n
SiC dabiski sastopams moisan\u012bt\u0101, kas pirmo reizi tika atkl\u0101ts Arizonas Kanjona Diablo meteora kr\u0101ter\u012b 1893. gad\u0101. Tom\u0113r bie\u017e\u0101k \u0161o materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo sint\u0113tiski k\u0101 d\u0101rgakme\u0146u un abraz\u012bvo materi\u0101lu; parasti elektrisk\u0101s pretest\u012bbas kr\u0101sn\u012bs, kas darbojas 1700-2500 gr\u0101du temperat\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n
Elkem Processing Services (EPS), kas atrodas Lj\u0113\u017e\u0101, Be\u013c\u0123ij\u0101, izmanto reakt\u012bvo sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anu, lai ra\u017eotu sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu atbilsto\u0161i prec\u012bz\u0101m klientu specifik\u0101cij\u0101m vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. \u0160\u012b ra\u017eotne var lepoties ar jaun\u0101kaj\u0101m tehnolo\u0123iskaj\u0101m iesp\u0113j\u0101m, kas \u013cauj \u0101tri ra\u017eot lielus SiC apjomus, k\u0101 ar\u012b rad\u012bt piel\u0101gotus mais\u012bjumus, kas \u012bpa\u0161i piel\u0101goti citiem lietojumiem.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir \u013coti ciets un nodilumiztur\u012bgs materi\u0101ls. Tas saglab\u0101 savu iztur\u012bbu augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c ir piem\u0113rots lietojumiem, kur nepiecie\u0161ama liela iztur\u012bba pret termiskiem triecieniem. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 iztur\u012bba pret koroziju padara to piem\u0113rotu liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai sk\u0101bju, s\u0101rmu un izkaus\u0113tu s\u0101\u013cu \u0161\u0137\u012bdumu.<\/p>\n
Amerik\u0101\u0146u izgudrot\u0101js Edvards A\u010dons 1891. gad\u0101, mekl\u0113jot veidus, k\u0101 ra\u017eot m\u0101ksl\u012bgos dimantus, atkl\u0101ja sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu. Lai to izdar\u012btu, kars\u0113ja m\u0101lu, kas sajaukts ar pulverveida koksu, izmantojot parastu oglek\u013ca loka gaismu un dzirkste\u013cspuldzi, ieg\u016bstot spilgti za\u013cus krist\u0101lus, kuru ciet\u012bba bija tuva dimanta ciet\u012bbai un kas v\u0113l\u0101k k\u013cuva paz\u012bstami k\u0101 karborunds (SiC).<\/p>\n
M\u016bsdienu ra\u017eo\u0161anas metodes, ko izmanto abraz\u012bvu, metalur\u0123ijas un ugunsiztur\u012bgo materi\u0101lu r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, izmanto l\u012bdz\u012bgus procesus, k\u0101dus izstr\u0101d\u0101ja A\u010dons. Izejvielas, piem\u0113ram, t\u012bras sil\u012bcija smiltis un smalki samaltu ogli koksa veid\u0101, novieto ap oglek\u013ca vad\u012bt\u0101ju \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu elektrisk\u0101s pretest\u012bbas tipa kr\u0101sn\u012b, caur kuru pl\u016bst elektrisk\u0101 str\u0101va; tas izraisa \u0137\u012bmisku reakciju starp ogli koksa sast\u0101v\u0101 un sil\u012bciju smilt\u012bs, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di rodas SiC.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam piem\u012bt daudzas v\u0113lam\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, un to bie\u017ei kombin\u0113 ar citiem met\u0101liem, lai veidotu met\u0101la matricas kompoz\u012btus (MMC). MMC apvieno SiC iztur\u012bbu un iztur\u012bbu ar citu met\u0101lu vad\u012btsp\u0113ju. Turkl\u0101t MMC ir \u013coti iztur\u012bgi pret erozijas un korozijas un oks\u012bdu izkliedes boj\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, ko parasti d\u0113v\u0113 par karborundu, var lepoties ar neticamu Mosa ciet\u012bbas pak\u0101pi - 9, kas to padara ciet\u0101ku par dimantu un bora karb\u012bdu. Pateicoties t\u0101 iztur\u012bbai un iztur\u012bgumam, sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir lieliska materi\u0101la izv\u0113le da\u017e\u0101diem lietojumiem, s\u0101kot no abraz\u012bviem materi\u0101liem l\u012bdz bru\u0146uvest\u0113m - tam piem\u012bt izcila iztur\u012bba pret nodilumu, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot savu ciet\u012bbu pat \u013coti augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101; faktiski sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem modern\u0101s keramikas materi\u0101liem.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju materi\u0101ls, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka elektrisk\u0101 str\u0101va vai elektromagn\u0113tiskie lauki var main\u012bt t\u0101 vad\u012btsp\u0113ju, padarot to noder\u012bgu elektroniskaj\u0101s ier\u012bc\u0113s, kas pastiprina, p\u0101rsl\u0113dz vai p\u0101rveido sign\u0101lus elektrisk\u0101 \u0137\u0113d\u0113. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda pusvad\u012bt\u0101jiem ir liel\u0101ka elektronu kust\u012bba un maz\u0101ki ener\u0123ijas zudumi sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar sil\u012bcija analogiem, t\u0101p\u0113c tie ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113roti \u0101trdarb\u012bgiem tranzistoriem, diod\u0113m un FET.<\/p>\n
M\u016bsdienu sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161ana abraz\u012bvu, metalur\u0123ijas un ugunsiztur\u012bgo materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 l\u012bdzin\u0101s A\u010desona procesam: T\u012bra sil\u012bcija smil\u0161u mais\u012bjums, kas sajaukts ar smalki samaltu koksa ogli, tiek salikts ap elektrisk\u0101s kr\u0101sns oglek\u013ca vad\u012bt\u0101ju; caur \u0161o vad\u012bt\u0101ju pl\u016bst elektr\u012bba, lai veicin\u0101tu \u0137\u012bmisko reakciju starp sil\u012bciju un ogli, kuras rezult\u0101t\u0101 rodas gan sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, gan oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bda g\u0101ze; visbeidzot granulveida sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds tiek samalts l\u012bdz vajadz\u012bgajam izm\u0113ram un bl\u012bvumam, izmantojot speci\u0101las iek\u0101rtas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide, better known by its acronym SiC, is one of the hardest synthetic materials on the market today and widely utilized for use in cutting tools due to its hardness, as well as refractories due to its resistance against high heat and thermal shock. It has also found widespread application as an anticorrosive coating […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}