Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir izcils materi\u0101ls ar izcil\u0101m fizik\u0101laj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. Tas ir iztur\u012bgs pret augst\u0101m temperat\u016br\u0101m, koroziju un nodilumu, vienlaikus tam piem\u012bt zems termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficients.<\/p>\n
Dab\u0101 moizan\u012bts k\u0101 miner\u0101ls sastopams \u013coti ierobe\u017eot\u0101 daudzum\u0101, un kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika to masveid\u0101 ra\u017eo, izmantojot Edvarda G. A\u010dsona (Edward G. Acheson) elektrisk\u0101s s\u0113rijveida kr\u0101sns procesu, kas turpin\u0101s l\u012bdz pat \u0161ai dienai.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds nodro\u0161ina izcilu \u0137\u012bmisko un meh\u0101nisko iztur\u012bbu pla\u0161\u0101 temperat\u016bru spektr\u0101, ir iztur\u012bgs pret koroziju un nodilumu, jo tam ir augsts elast\u012bbas modulis un zems termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficients. Turkl\u0101t sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam piem\u012bt laba iztur\u012bba pret termisko triecienu, lai gan t\u0101 ir maz\u0101ka nek\u0101 struktur\u0101lajam keramiskajam cirkonijam.<\/p>\n
SiC parasti ir elektriskais izolators, tom\u0113r, kontrol\u0113ti pievienojot piemais\u012bjumus, tas var k\u013c\u016bt elektrovado\u0161s. Ar alum\u012bnija, bora vai gallija piedevu tas k\u013c\u016bst par P tipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju, savuk\u0101rt sl\u0101pek\u013ca vai fosfora piedevas rada N tipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101ja \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
T\u012brs r\u016bpnieciskais SiC ir br\u016bn\u0101 l\u012bdz meln\u0101 kr\u0101s\u0101 dzelzs piemais\u012bjumu d\u0113\u013c. T\u0101 k\u0101 SiC ir daudztipa pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju materi\u0101ls, t\u0101 krist\u0101lisk\u0101 strukt\u016bra at\u0161\u0137iras atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, k\u0101 oglek\u013ca un sil\u012bcija atomi sak\u0101rtojas tetraedros; tas \u013cauj tam past\u0101v\u012bg\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s uzvesties k\u0101 izolatoram vai vad\u012bt\u0101jam; turkl\u0101t tas ne\u0161\u0137\u012bst \u016bden\u012b un alkohol\u0101, bet ir iztur\u012bgs pret liel\u0101ko da\u013cu organisko sk\u0101bju, s\u0101rmu un s\u0101\u013cu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda keramika tiek izmantota daudz\u0101s jom\u0101s: s\u0101kot no abraz\u012bviem un griez\u0113jinstrumentiem, struktur\u0101liem materi\u0101liem (bru\u0146uvestes un kompoz\u012btmateri\u0101li), automobi\u013cu deta\u013c\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, brem\u017eu diskiem un zibens novad\u012bt\u0101jiem, l\u012bdz pat augstas iztur\u012bbas pret koroziju un nodilumu vid\u0113, piem\u0113ram, naftas \u0137\u012bmijas ra\u017eotn\u0113s vai d\u016bmg\u0101zu desulfuriz\u0101cijas sist\u0113m\u0101s.<\/p>\n
SiC baro\u0161anas ier\u012bc\u0113s tiek izmantotas t\u0101 pla\u0161\u0101s joslas spraugas pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, lai t\u0101s var\u0113tu vad\u012bt pie liel\u0101kiem spriegumiem, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161inot kompakt\u0101kas ener\u0123ijas p\u0101rveides sist\u0113mas ar maz\u0101kiem ener\u0123ijas zudumiem un \u012bs\u0101ku p\u0101rveides laiku. Turkl\u0101t SiC ier\u012bces p\u0101rsp\u0113j sil\u012bcija analogus, kad runa ir par komut\u0101cijas str\u0101vas un temperat\u016bras r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem, sal\u012bdzinot ar sil\u012bcija analogiem, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di iev\u0113rojami paaugstinot galaproduktu efektivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) strauji maina energoelektroniku, pateicoties t\u0101 unik\u0101lajai fizik\u0101lo un elektronisko \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kombin\u0101cijai. No SiC izgatavotie MOSFET un \u0160otkija diodes ir pla\u0161i izmantotas jaudas pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju tehnolo\u0123ijas, un t\u0101s ir galvenie komponenti elektrotransportl\u012bdzek\u013cu vilces inverteros un borta l\u0101d\u0113t\u0101jos, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzl\u0101des stacij\u0101s eso\u0161ajos DC\/DC p\u0101rveidot\u0101jos - tas noz\u012bm\u0113 uzlabotu akumulatoru darb\u012bbas r\u0101diusu elektrotransportl\u012bdzek\u013cos un palielin\u0101tu efektivit\u0101ti r\u016bpnieciskos lietojumos.<\/p>\n
No sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda var izgatavot da\u017e\u0101dus materi\u0101lus da\u017e\u0101diem lietojumiem. Ma\u0161\u012bnb\u016bves in\u017eenieri to izmanto k\u0101 modernu keramiku, pateicoties t\u0101 iztur\u012bbai, ciet\u012bbai, iztur\u012bbai pret koroziju un nodilumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b elektrotehnikas in\u017eenieri, kuri izmanto t\u0101 izcilas elektrisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas k\u0101 pusvad\u012bt\u0101jus. Turkl\u0101t sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir neat\u0146emama sast\u0101vda\u013ca kompoz\u012btmateri\u0101lu bru\u0146ojum\u0101, piem\u0113ram, \u010cobhemas bru\u0146ojum\u0101 vai keramikas pl\u0101ksn\u0113s, ko izmanto bru\u0146uvest\u0113s.<\/p>\n
Edvards Goodrich Achesons pirmo reizi m\u0101ksl\u012bgi sintez\u0113ja SiC 1891. gad\u0101, m\u0113\u0123inot ra\u017eot sint\u0113tiskos dimantus. Radot cietus, zili melnus krist\u0101lus, kurus vi\u0146\u0161 nosauca par karborundu, jo tos k\u013c\u016bdaini nosauca par korundam l\u012bdz\u012bgu savienojumu, vi\u0146a metode ir k\u013cuvusi par m\u016bsdienu SiC ra\u017eo\u0161anas pamatu.<\/p>\n
E\u0161ona kr\u0101sn\u012b ieg\u016bto krist\u0101lu t\u012br\u012bba main\u0101s atkar\u012bb\u0101 no to att\u0101luma no graf\u012bta rezistora siltuma avota; tie, kas atrodas vistuv\u0101k tam, parasti ir dzidri, bet tie, kas atrodas t\u0101l\u0101k, k\u013c\u016bst tum\u0161\u0101ki ar sl\u0101pek\u013ca vai alum\u012bnija piedevu, kas samazina vad\u012btsp\u0113ju. Lieli monokrist\u0101li, ko ra\u017eo komerci\u0101li, izmantojot modific\u0113tus Lely procesus vai fizik\u0101lo tvaiku transport\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda putek\u013ci var b\u016bt kairino\u0161i, kas var veicin\u0101t neprogres\u0113jo\u0161u plau\u0161u fibrozi un izrais\u012bt deguna un acu kairin\u0101jumu. Ilgsto\u0161a iedarb\u012bba var pat izrais\u012bt pneimokoniozi - hronisku plau\u0161u slim\u012bbu ar t\u0101diem simptomiem k\u0101 anom\u0101lijas kr\u016b\u0161kurvja rentgenogramm\u0101 un plau\u0161u funkcijas zudums; turkl\u0101t tas palielina tuberkulozes risku.<\/p>\n
Pateicoties izcilajai ciet\u012bbai un stingr\u012bbai, oglek\u013ca \u0161\u0137iedras bru\u0146as nodro\u0161ina ballistisko aizsardz\u012bbu ar daudz maz\u0101ku izstr\u0101d\u0101jumu svaru nek\u0101 tradicion\u0101lie t\u0113rauda risin\u0101jumi.<\/p>\n
Kodolener\u0123ijas lietojumos izmanto SiC p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu, jo tas ir izcili apstarojams, p\u0101rsp\u0113jot Zry-4 prim\u0101raj\u0101 Tresca sprieguma l\u012bmen\u012b un vair\u0101k, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot pie\u0146emamu izsl\u0113g\u0161anas rezervi. Turkl\u0101t tas var lepoties ar zem\u0101ku neitronu absorbcijas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsgriezumu; gan SS-310, gan FeCrAl p\u0101rkl\u0101jumi uzr\u0101da nedaudz negat\u012bv\u0101kas MTC v\u0113rt\u012bbas pie BOL nek\u0101 SiC; tom\u0113r p\u0113c 5 s LBLOCA tas iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101s augl\u012bgo neitronu Doplera papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161an\u0101s d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an exceptional material with outstanding physical properties. It is resistant to high temperatures, corrosion and wear while possessing low thermal expansion rates. Moissanite occurs naturally in very limited quantities as a mineral, and has since been mass produced via Edward G. Acheson’s electric batch furnace process which continues to this day. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}