{"id":14,"date":"2023-05-27T17:29:21","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T09:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/?p=14"},"modified":"2023-08-17T15:52:40","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T07:52:40","slug":"silicija-karbida-caurules-izturigas-pret-nodilumu-un-koroziju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/silicija-karbida-caurules-izturigas-pret-nodilumu-un-koroziju\/","title":{"rendered":"Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda caurules - iztur\u012bgas pret nodilumu un koroziju"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds labi iztur gan koroziju, gan nodilumu, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir ide\u0101ls materi\u0101ls \u0137\u012bmisko r\u016bpn\u012bcu un elektrostaciju komponentiem. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 rot\u0101cijas \u0101truma tolerance \u013cauj tam iztur\u0113t lielus rot\u0101cijas \u0101trumus, padarot to piem\u0113rotu gult\u0146u lietojumiem.<\/p>\n<p>Caurules ar keramikas oder\u0113jumu izmanto kalnr\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, metalur\u0123ij\u0101 un og\u013cr\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, lai transport\u0113tu t\u0101dus abraz\u012bvus materi\u0101lus k\u0101 pulverveida koncentr\u0101ts, izded\u017ei un ogles. T\u0101 nodro\u0161ina lab\u0101ku nodilumiztur\u012bbu nek\u0101 parast\u0101s t\u0113rauda caurules.<\/p>\n<h2>Iztur\u012bba pret koroziju<\/h2>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi ciets un \u013coti nodilumiztur\u012bgs sint\u0113tisks krist\u0101lisks savienojums, kas sast\u0101v no sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca, un t\u0101 ciet\u012bbas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js p\u0113c Mosa skalas ir 9, un jau kop\u0161 19. gadsimta to izmanto t\u0101du izstr\u0101d\u0101jumu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 k\u0101 smil\u0161pap\u012brs, sl\u012bpripas, griez\u0113jinstrumenti un ugunsiztur\u012bgi materi\u0101li \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu cep\u013ciem. Tom\u0113r p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 SiC pla\u0161i izmanto ar\u012b keramisko izolatoru un pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju gaismas diod\u0113m paredz\u0113to substr\u0101tu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>SiC iztur\u012bba pret koroziju liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir atkar\u012bga no t\u0101 virsmas p\u0101rkl\u0101juma ar oks\u012bda oks\u012bda sl\u0101\u0146iem, kas veidojas uz t\u0101 virsmas, nodro\u0161inot aizsardz\u012bbu pret \u016bdens un sk\u0101bek\u013ca iedarb\u012bbu, vienlaikus izturot sk\u0101bju, b\u0101zu un agres\u012bvu \u0137\u012bmisko vielu, piem\u0113ram, sl\u0101pek\u013csk\u0101bes, iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anu. Da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos \u0161ie sl\u0101\u0146i pat aizsarg\u0101 pret oksid\u0113jo\u0161\u0101m viel\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, sl\u0101pek\u013csk\u0101bi, kas cit\u0101di var\u0113tu uzbrukt.<\/p>\n<p>Bez spiediena sa\u0137epin\u0101tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir pier\u0101d\u012bjis savu augsto iztur\u012bbu pret koroziju da\u017e\u0101dos lietojumos, \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s un termisk\u0101s stabilit\u0101tes zi\u0146\u0101 apsteidzot t\u0101dus materi\u0101lus k\u0101 lietais t\u0113rauds, inertais alum\u012bnija oks\u012bds un augstas kvalit\u0101tes ni\u0137e\u013ca sakaus\u0113jumi. Turkl\u0101t bez spiediena sa\u0137epin\u0101t\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda iztur\u012bba pret nodilumu un eroziju padara to daudz lab\u0101ku sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar liel\u0101ko da\u013cu met\u0101lu, piem\u0113ram, alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdu (3 reizes liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 t\u0113raudam), k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0101 liel\u0101 nodilumiztur\u012bba pret nodilumiztur\u012bbu un koroziju, sal\u012bdzinot ar ugunsiztur\u012bgo lietoto t\u0113raudu (3 reizes liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 t\u0113raudam).<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda un sil\u012bcija nitr\u012bda iztur\u0113\u0161an\u0101s pret koroziju iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras atkar\u012bb\u0101 no vides apst\u0101k\u013ciem, tom\u0113r abu materi\u0101lu korozijas mode\u013ci ir iev\u0113rojami progres\u0113ju\u0161i, lai prec\u012bzi tos att\u0113lotu. Korozijas meh\u0101nismi, kas saist\u012bti ar sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101m vid\u0113m, ir atkar\u012bgi no eso\u0161aj\u0101m \u0137\u012bmiskaj\u0101m sug\u0101m, to reakciju sec\u012bbas, virsmas izmai\u0146\u0101m mikrostrukt\u016bras morfolo\u0123ij\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b materi\u0101lu virsmas un mikrostrukt\u016bras morfolo\u0123ijas izmai\u0146\u0101m, kas savstarp\u0113ji mijiedarbojas, izraisot korozijas norisi.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda caurules var lepoties ar ilgu kalpo\u0161anas laiku un ir \u012bpa\u0161i piem\u0113rotas abraz\u012bvu, kod\u012bgu vai toksisku \u0137\u012bmisku vielu transport\u0113\u0161anai. To iztur\u012bba noz\u012bm\u0113, ka t\u0101s var iztur\u0113t temperat\u016bru, kas p\u0101rsniedz 120 oF (48oC), augstu spiedienu un meh\u0101nisko slodzi. K\u0101 alternat\u012bvu t\u0113rauda caurul\u0113m t\u0101s izmanto sp\u0113kstacij\u0101s, metalur\u0123ij\u0101 un \u0137\u012bmijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b iek\u0101rt\u0101s, ko izmanto og\u013cu gazifik\u0101cijas procesos (gazifik\u0101cija\/kreka\/sp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113csp\u0113cskr\u0101sns\/cementa kr\u0101sns\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u\/cementa kr\u0101\u0161\u0146u.<\/p>\n<h2>Iztur\u012bba pret augst\u0101m temperat\u016br\u0101m<\/h2>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds \u0161\u0137\u012bst \u016bden\u012b un ir iztur\u012bgs gan pret sk\u0101b\u0113m, gan s\u0101rmiem, tam ir augsts ku\u0161anas punkts un desmit reizes augst\u0101ka iztur\u012bba nek\u0101 alum\u012bnija oks\u012bdam, kas nodro\u0161ina iztur\u012bbu pret koroziju \u013coti augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s - t\u0101 ir priek\u0161roc\u012bba r\u016bpnieciskaj\u0101s kr\u0101sn\u012bs un kr\u0101sn\u012bs, kur temperat\u016bra bie\u017ei p\u0101rsniedz temperat\u016bru, kas izraisa parast\u0101s keramikas l\u016bzumus vai plaisas.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds jau sen tiek uzskat\u012bts par ide\u0101lu materi\u0101lu termop\u0101ru aizsardz\u012bbas caurul\u012bt\u0113m da\u017e\u0101dos lietojumos, jo tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i iztur\u012bgs pret koroziju da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s vid\u0113s. Silicija karb\u012bds \u0161aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 p\u0101rsp\u0113j tradicion\u0101lo keramiku un ka\u013camo met\u0101lu sakaus\u0113jumus; t\u0101 iztur\u012bg\u0101 virsma nodro\u0161ina aizsardz\u012bbu pret sadeg\u0161anas g\u0101z\u0113m, izded\u017eiem, pelniem un ogl\u0113m, vienlaikus ne\u013caujot \u0161\u012bm \u0137\u012bmiskaj\u0101m viel\u0101m izrais\u012bt eroziju.<\/p>\n<p>Bezspiediena sa\u0137epin\u0101tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (PSSiC) ir daudz t\u012br\u0101ks nek\u0101 reakcijas sa\u0137epin\u0101tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, kas tam nodro\u0161ina augst\u0101ku meh\u0101nisko iztur\u012bbu un iztur\u012bbu pret koroziju. PSSiC neuzbr\u016bk sk\u0101b\u0113m, s\u0101rmiem vai izkaus\u0113tiem s\u0101\u013ciem, un tas sp\u0113j iztur\u0113t termisko triecienu \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s; turkl\u0101t tam piem\u012bt izcilas elektrisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas ar augstu siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ju un zemu termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficientu.<\/p>\n<p>Keramikas materi\u0101li ar zemu porain\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, cirkonija oks\u012bds, ir daudz iztur\u012bg\u0101ki pret \u0137\u012bmisko kodin\u0101\u0161anu, jo \u012bpa\u0161i r\u016bpniecisk\u0101 keramika, jo t\u0101s iztur\u012bba pret nodilumu ir \u010detras l\u012bdz piecas reizes liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 komerci\u0101li pieejamajiem nitr\u012bdiem saist\u012btajiem sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdiem un ilg\u0101ks kalpo\u0161anas laiks sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar alum\u012bnija oks\u012bda materi\u0101lu. Keramikas da\u013ci\u0146u, kas izgatavotas no \u0161\u012b materi\u0101la, ciet\u012bba p\u0113c Moha ir 9,09,2, un to prec\u012bzas formas, kas izgatavotas ar rok\u0101m, \u013cauj t\u0101s izmantot daudzos r\u016bpnieciskos lietojumos. Keramikas kalpo\u0161anas laiks 10 reizes p\u0101rsniedz alum\u012bnija materi\u0101la kalpo\u0161anas laiku.<\/p>\n<p>Sinter\u0113tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir ide\u0101la alternat\u012bva volframa karb\u012bdam, lai to izmantotu str\u016bklas sprausl\u0101s, jo tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i iztur\u012bgs pret nodilumu, kas \u013cauj saglab\u0101t sprauslas iek\u0161\u0113jo \u0123eometriju, vienlaikus nodro\u0161inot optimiz\u0113tu spridzin\u0101\u0161anas efektivit\u0101ti. Turkl\u0101t sa\u0137epin\u0101tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds parasti kalpo ilg\u0101k nek\u0101 t\u0101 analogs, vienlaikus nodro\u0161inot ilg\u0101ku kalpo\u0161anas laiku un maz\u0101kas apkopes d\u012bkst\u0101ves izmaksas.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam piem\u012bt zems termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficients un \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bga ciet\u012bba, kas nodro\u0161ina aizsardz\u012bbu pret nodilumu, triecieniem un berzi. T\u0101 k\u0101 tas ir lielisks augstspiediena materi\u0101ls, tas ir ide\u0101la izv\u0113le t\u0101diem lietojumiem k\u0101 velt\u0146i, ko izmanto sadz\u012bves porcel\u0101na un keramikas fl\u012b\u017eu ra\u017eo\u0161anai kr\u0101sn\u012bs, dzirnavu pres\u0113s, pres\u0113\u0161anas pres\u0113s, ekstr\u016bderos un sprausl\u0101s, kur nepiecie\u0161ams augsts spiediena l\u012bmenis sadz\u012bves fl\u012b\u017eu un porcel\u0101na ra\u017eo\u0161anai. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds labi kalpo ar\u012b nodilumiztur\u012bg\u0101s deta\u013c\u0101s, ko izmanto dzirnav\u0101s, pres\u0113s, izple\u0161anas iek\u0101rt\u0101s, ekstr\u016bderos un sprausl\u0101s.<\/p>\n<h2>Augsta iztur\u012bba<\/h2>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem, viegl\u0101kajiem un iztur\u012bg\u0101kajiem r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s keramikas materi\u0101liem. Pateicoties izcilajai iztur\u012bbai, tas var iztur\u0113t lielas temperat\u016bras sv\u0101rst\u012bbas, nezaud\u0113jot savas fizik\u0101l\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, un tam ir zema termisk\u0101 izple\u0161an\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir piem\u0113rots lietojumiem, kur nepiecie\u0161ama iztur\u012bba pret koroziju, k\u0101 ar\u012b meh\u0101niskiem triecieniem vai vibr\u0101cij\u0101m.<\/p>\n<p>Sinter\u0113tais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds izce\u013cas starp keramikas materi\u0101liem k\u0101 izcila izv\u0113le nodilumiztur\u012bbas un termisko triecienu iztur\u012bbas zi\u0146\u0101, padarot to par materi\u0101lu, kas piem\u0113rots t\u0101diem sare\u017e\u0123\u012btiem pielietojumiem k\u0101 sk\u0101bju un retzemju met\u0101lu apstr\u0101des siltummai\u0146u oder\u0113jums, kur ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ais t\u0113rauds, graf\u012bts vai volframs nevar apmierin\u0101t piepras\u012bjumu, jo fluor\u016bde\u0146ra\u017esk\u0101be rada korozijas probl\u0113mas; turkl\u0101t tam piem\u012bt augsta l\u012bme\u0146a iztur\u012bba pret nodilumu\/eroziju, vienlaikus piel\u0101gojoties sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101m form\u0101m ar ierobe\u017eot\u0101m pielaid\u0113m.<\/p>\n<p>Sinter\u0113ta sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda oder\u0113juma cauru\u013cu sist\u0113mas bie\u017ei tiek izmantotas augstspiediena tvaika iek\u0101rt\u0101s. Materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t spiedienu l\u012bdz 1,6 MPa, nepak\u013caujoties noguruma un lieces spriegumam, kas iev\u0113rojami p\u0101rsniedz pras\u012bbas, kas noteiktas t\u0101diem polim\u0113riem k\u0101 PTFE. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 iztur\u012bba pret \u0137\u012bmisko iedarb\u012bbu noz\u012bm\u0113, ka \u0161\u0101dos lietojumos tas nodro\u0161ina papildu aizsardz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda substr\u0101tiem ir daudzas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar to sil\u012bcija analogiem elektronisko ier\u012b\u010du konstrukcij\u0101s, tostarp tiem ir daudz zem\u0101ks sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s spriegums, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tie sp\u0113j iztur\u0113t liel\u0101ku elektr\u012bbas daudzumu, nek\u013c\u016bstot nestabiliem un nesal\u016bstot. Tas \u013cauj no sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda substr\u0101tiem izgatavot\u0101m elektronisk\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m k\u013c\u016bt daudz maz\u0101k\u0101m un energoefekt\u012bv\u0101k\u0101m nek\u0101 l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m sil\u012bcija konstrukcij\u0101m; piem\u0113ram, sil\u012bcija IGBT, ko izmanto elektromobi\u013cu inverteros, izmantojot sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda materi\u0101lu, var k\u013c\u016bt aptuveni 10 reizes maz\u0101kas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161inot maz\u0101kas vad\u012bbas sh\u0113mas un uzlabojot kop\u0113jo sist\u0113mas efektivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n<p>American Elements pied\u0101v\u0101 da\u017e\u0101da izm\u0113ra sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda keramikas caurules, kas piem\u0113rotas izmanto\u0161anai augst\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s. To standarta materi\u0101lus, piem\u0113ram, Hexoloy SE un Xicaar, k\u0101 ar\u012b piel\u0101gotus sast\u0101vus var \u012bpa\u0161i piel\u0101got komerci\u0101lam un p\u0113tniec\u012bbas lietojumam. Tie var tikt lieti stie\u0146u, stie\u0146u vai pl\u0101k\u0161\u0146u form\u0101 k\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137i pl\u0101n\u0101s k\u0101rti\u0146as uzkl\u0101\u0161anai vai \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s tvaiku uzkl\u0101\u0161anas lietojumiem.<\/p>\n<h2>Augsta nodilumiztur\u012bba<\/h2>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir pla\u0161i paz\u012bstams ar savu izcilo nodilumiztur\u012bbu, un tas var viegli p\u0101rsp\u0113t fl\u012b\u017eu vai met\u0101la uzlikas t\u0101dos sare\u017e\u0123\u012btos lietojumos k\u0101 str\u016bklas str\u016bklas sprauslas, hidrociklonu komponenti un keramikas l\u012bkumi. Sinter\u0113tajam sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam piem\u012bt augstas nodilumiztur\u012bbas un erozijas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kas pagarina cauru\u013cu ekspluat\u0101cijas laiku, vienlaikus samazinot apkopes vai remonta darbu d\u012bkst\u0101ves laiku; turkl\u0101t \u0161is materi\u0101ls var lepoties ar termisko triecienu notur\u012bbu, kas \u013cauj to izmantot viet\u0101s, kur citi materi\u0101li, piem\u0113ram, volframa karb\u012bds vai alum\u012bnija oks\u012bds, var\u0113tu neiztur\u0113t.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda krist\u0101lisk\u0101 forma ir kovalentas saites starp sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca atomiem, kas veido divus prim\u0101ros koordin\u0101cijas tetraedrus ar \u010detriem sil\u012bcija un \u010detriem oglek\u013ca atomiem, kas savienoti katr\u0101 st\u016br\u012b, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di radot \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi cietu materi\u0101lu, kura ciet\u012bba p\u0113c Mosa skalas ir 9, kas tuvojas dimanta ciet\u012bbai. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu var atrast visur, s\u0101kot no smil\u0161pap\u012bra un grie\u0161anas\/ sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas rite\u0146iem l\u012bdz pat kr\u0101sns oder\u0113jumam kr\u0101sn\u012bs un ra\u0137e\u0161u dzin\u0113jos; turkl\u0101t tam piem\u012bt aizraujo\u0161as elektrisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>\n<p>Reakcijas saist\u012b\u0161ana un sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161ana ir divas metodes, ko izmanto sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, un katra no t\u0101m at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 t\u0101 mikrostrukt\u016bru. Rea\u0123\u0113jot saist\u012bto sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu var ra\u017eot, infiltr\u0113jot SiC un oglek\u013ca mais\u012bjumus ar \u0161\u0137idru sil\u012bciju, kas rea\u0123\u0113 ar liel\u0101ku SiC daudzumu; sa\u0137epin\u0101to sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu var ra\u017eot, izmantojot sa\u0137epin\u0101\u0161anas pal\u012bgl\u012bdzek\u013cus, kas nav oks\u012bdi, lai no t\u012bra SiC pulvera veidotu kompaktus reakcijas saist\u012b\u0161anai; \u0161\u012b metode nerada tik bl\u012bvu gala produktu k\u0101 reakcijas saist\u012btais SiC.<\/p>\n<p>Nesen veiktajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos sal\u012bdzin\u0101ta da\u017e\u0101du nodilumiztur\u012bgu cauru\u013cu materi\u0101lu nodilumiztur\u012bba. Tika atkl\u0101ts, ka vislab\u0101k nodilumiztur\u012bba ir nodro\u0161in\u0101ta ar sa\u0137epin\u0101tu nitr\u012bdu savienotai sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda caurulei ir iztur\u012bg\u0101ka irdenas augsnes apst\u0101k\u013cos, kam seko F-61 polster\u0113juma \u0161uve ar paaugstin\u0101tu niobija saturu, un visbeidzot XAR 600 t\u0113raudam, kura mikrostrukt\u016bru veido smalkas l\u0101sti\u0146temper\u0113tas martens\u012bta joslas, kas vienm\u0113r\u012bgi izklied\u0113tas vis\u0101 mikrostrukt\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n<p>Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda iztur\u012bba pret nodilumu liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 ir saist\u012bta ar t\u0101 iztur\u012bbu un ciet\u012bbu, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is materi\u0101ls var iztur\u0113t nodilumu, ko izraisa rupjgraudainu da\u013ci\u0146u pl\u016bsma liel\u0101 spiedien\u0101. Turkl\u0101t \u0161im materi\u0101lam piem\u012bt izcilas korozijas, oksid\u0101cijas un termisko triecienu iztur\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kas pal\u012bdz pagarin\u0101t t\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laiku vid\u0113, kas ir jut\u012bga pret nodilumu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Silicon carbide stands up well to both corrosion and abrasion, making it the perfect material for components found in chemical plants and power plants. Furthermore, its rotational speed tolerance enables it to withstand high rotational speeds &#8211; making it suitable for bearing applications. Ceramic-lined pipe is used in mining, metallurgy, and coal industries for transporting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-en"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions\/15"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}