Silicio karbidas, da\u017eniau vadinamas trumpiniu SiC, yra abrazyvin\u0117 med\u017eiaga, sudaryta i\u0161 silicio ir anglies, pramoniniu b\u016bdu gaminama nuo XIX a. pabaigos ir naudojama kaip abrazyvas. Be to, nat\u016brali\u0173 SiC sankaup\u0173 yra moisanito mineral\u0173 formacijose.<\/p>\n
Keramini\u0173 glaz\u016br\u0173 sud\u0117tyje yra \u0161ios med\u017eiagos milteli\u0173, kuri\u0173 prid\u0117jus \u012f keramikos degimo krosn\u012f, susidaro stiklo burbuliukai, suteikiantys vizualinio ir tekst\u016brinio patrauklumo.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra labai kieta med\u017eiaga, naudojama kaip \u0161lifavimo priemon\u0117 med\u017eiagoms \u0161lifuoti, o jos \u012fvertinimas pagal Moso skal\u0119 prilygsta deimantui. Be to, \u0161i keramin\u0117 med\u017eiaga yra \u0161lifavimo disk\u0173 ir pjovimo \u012franki\u0173 dalis, taip pat jos randama tokiuose gaminiuose kaip \u0161vitrinis audinys, \u0161vitrinis popierius ir bat\u0173 padai, spalvotosios metalurgijos ir keramikos pramon\u0117s krosni\u0173 ugniai atsparios plytos, naudojamos spalvotosios metalurgijos ir keramikos pramon\u0117s krosnyse, kaip spalvotosios metalurgijos krosni\u0173 ugniai atsparios plytos, naudojamos spalvotosios metalurgijos krosnyse, kaip spalvotosios metalurgijos krosni\u0173 ugniai atsparios plytos, naudojamos auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje, pavyzd\u017eiui, neper\u0161aunamose liemen\u0117se esan\u010dios keramin\u0117s plok\u0161tel\u0117s.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido abrazyvin\u0117s savyb\u0117s atsiranda d\u0117l jo sluoksniuotos kristalin\u0117s strukt\u016bros. Kiekvienas anglies atomas oktaedrin\u0117je konfig\u016bracijoje jungiasi su keturiais silicio atomais, tod\u0117l \u0161i med\u017eiaga yra viena i\u0161 nedaugelio sintetini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, kurios pasi\u017eymi tokiomis savyb\u0117mis, kurios daro \u012fsp\u016bd\u012f apie na\u0161um\u0105 pramon\u0117je.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido veidrod\u017eiai yra ideali med\u017eiaga astronominiams teleskopams d\u0117l savo standumo, ma\u017eo \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi ir tvirtumo savybi\u0173. Herschelio kosminis teleskopas ir Gajos kosminis teleskopas \u0161viesai atspind\u0117ti naudoja silicio karbido veidrod\u017eius. Cheminis nusodinimas i\u0161 gar\u0173 yra veiksminga priemon\u0117 \u0161ioms med\u017eiagoms sukurti, nes silicis ir anglis kartu auga \u012f polikristalines pl\u0117veles ant stiklo substrat\u0173.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido puslaidininkiai padar\u0117 didel\u0119 pa\u017eang\u0105 automobili\u0173 pramon\u0117je d\u0117l savo geb\u0117jimo i\u0161laikyti auk\u0161t\u0105 \u012ftamp\u0105. \u0160\u012f pasiekim\u0105 galima paai\u0161kinti jo pla\u010diajuoste juosta, kuri leid\u017eia elektronams lengviau praeiti pro j\u0105 nei standartiniai silicio puslaidininkiai.<\/p>\n
D\u0117l unikali\u0173 silicio karbido savybi\u0173 jis tinka \u012fvairioms elektros reikm\u0117ms, \u012fskaitant elektros energijos gamyb\u0105. Silicio karbidas vis labiau populiar\u0117ja elektromobili\u0173 srityje, kur sukuriama efektyvesn\u0117 ir galingesn\u0117 galios elektronika, galinti atlaikyti didesn\u0119 \u012ftamp\u0105 nei silicio analogai.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas nat\u016braliai neegzistuoja (i\u0161skyrus ret\u0105 mineral\u0105, vadinam\u0105 moisanitu), ta\u010diau jau daugiau kaip 100 met\u0173 masi\u0161kai gaminamas milteli\u0173 pavidalu ir dabar naudojamas tokiose srityse kaip \u0161lifavimo diskai, abrazyvai ir neper\u0161aunamos liemen\u0117s. Jo i\u0161skirtin\u0117s savyb\u0117s - didelis kietumas (9 balai pagal Moso skal\u0119), cheminis inerti\u0161kumas, \u0161iluminis laidumas ir atsparumas dilimui - d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 savybi\u0173 silicio karbidas yra pla\u010diai ie\u0161komas \u0161i\u0173 gamini\u0173 gamintoj\u0173.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas sudaro du pirminius koordinacinius tetraedrus, sudarytus i\u0161 keturi\u0173 silicio ir keturi\u0173 anglies atom\u0173, kovalenti\u0161kai sujungt\u0173 kovalentiniais ry\u0161iais, vadinamus koordinaciniais tetraedrais. Kei\u010diant jo atom\u0173 i\u0161sid\u0117stym\u0105, kad susidaryt\u0173 skirtingi politipai, galima gauti kristalines strukt\u016bras. Prid\u0117dami priemai\u0161\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, trivalen\u010di\u0173 ar penkiavalen\u010di\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, in\u017einieriai gali pakeisti elektrines savybes, kad jos atitikt\u0173 \u012fvairias paskirtis - populiar\u016bs yra boro, fosforo ir arseno kaip silicio karbido legiruojan\u010dios med\u017eiagos.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra kietas ir patvarus, tod\u0117l gali atlaikyti auk\u0161t\u0105 kar\u0161\u010dio temperat\u016br\u0105 ir susid\u0117v\u0117jim\u0105, tod\u0117l jis yra pagrindin\u0117 med\u017eiaga pramonini\u0173 krosni\u0173 \u012fd\u0117klams, raketini\u0173 varikli\u0173 komponentams, dilimui atspariems \u012frankiams, pvz., \u0161lifavimo diskams ir \u012franki\u0173 a\u0161menims, keramikai ir net legiruotas azotu, fosforu, aliuminiu ar kaliu, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima gaminti puslaidininkius, naudojamus elektronikoje, pvz., \u0161viesos diodus (LED).<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas nat\u016braliai randamas kaip mineralas moisanitas. Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 atrastas 1893 m. Kanjono Diablo meteorito krateryje Arizonoje, jo strukt\u016bra primena deimantus - i\u0161 ties\u0173, moisanito papuo\u0161alai jau seniai parduodami kaip alternatyva.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas d\u0117l savo abrazyvini\u0173 savybi\u0173 jau seniai pripa\u017eintas d\u0117l naudojimo mene ir amatuose. Jis naudojamas medienai, metalams ir akmenims \u0161lifuoti, kad j\u0173 pavir\u0161iai b\u016bt\u0173 lyg\u016bs ir tinkami da\u017eymui ar lakavimui; be to, jis yra neatsiejama \u0161iuolaikin\u0117s lapidaryst\u0117s med\u017eiaga, naudojama daugeliui technik\u0173 - nuo stiklo \u0117sdinimo iki akmens rai\u017eymo.<\/p>\n
\"Elkem SiC\" si\u016blo \"StarCeram S\" silicio karbid\u0105 - pramonin\u0119 keramik\u0105, kuri\u0105 galima suformuoti \u012f \u012fvairias formas ir dyd\u017eius, skirtus konkre\u010dioms reikm\u0117ms, o jos pavir\u0161ius gali b\u016bti \u0161velniai poliruojamas. M\u016bs\u0173 gamykloje Lje\u017ee, Belgijoje, \u012fdiegta pa\u017eangi \u012franga, galinti gaminti SiC gaminius pagal tikslias specifikacijas.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas (SiC), paprastai vadinamas karborundu, nat\u016braliai randamas kaip mineralas moisanitas ir nuo 1893 m. masi\u0161kai gaminamas milteli\u0173 pavidalu abrazyvin\u0117ms med\u017eiagoms, pvz., \u0161lifavimo diskams. Nuo 1893 m. jis taip pat masi\u0161kai sukepinamas, kad susidaryt\u0173 labai kieta keramika, kuri naudojama didel\u0117s i\u0161tverm\u0117s reikalaujan\u010diose srityse, pavyzd\u017eiui, automobili\u0173 stabd\u017eiams, sankaboms ir neper\u0161aunam\u0173 liemeni\u0173 keramin\u0117ms plok\u0161tel\u0117ms, \u012f kurias \u012fterptos SiC plok\u0161tel\u0117s, \u0161iose talpose \u012fterptos plataus juostinio tarpo silicio. D\u0117l plataus draustin\u0117s juostos tarpo SiC \u0161iais at\u017evilgiais yra prana\u0161esnis u\u017e silic\u012f.<\/p>\n
Juostos tarpas - tai energijos kiekis, kurio reikia elektronams pereiti tarp atomo valentin\u0117s ir laidumo juost\u0173, tod\u0117l elektronai juda grei\u010diau ir efektyviau, o tai yra esmin\u0117s puslaidininkini\u0173 prietais\u0173, veikian\u010di\u0173 dideliu grei\u010diu ir (arba) \u012ftampa, savyb\u0117s. Platesnis juostos tarpas leid\u017eia elektronams grei\u010diau jud\u0117ti tarp \u0161i\u0173 juost\u0173.<\/p>\n
Palyginti su tradiciniu puslaidininkiu siliciu, SiC pasi\u017eymi prapl\u0117sta da\u017eni\u0173 juosta, tod\u0117l tai ideali med\u017eiaga galios elektronikai, pavyzd\u017eiui, elektrini\u0173 transporto priemoni\u0173 traukos keitikliuose. SiC geresnis nei silicio \u0161iluminis laidumas dar labiau padidina \u0161\u012f prana\u0161um\u0105 ir leid\u017eia efektyviau naudoti galios elektronik\u0105, nenaudojant aktyvi\u0173 au\u0161inimo sistem\u0173, kurios padidina elektromobili\u0173 svor\u012f ir s\u0105naudas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide, more commonly referred to by its acronym SiC, is an abrasive material composed of silicon and carbon that has been produced industrially since the late 19th century for use as an abrasive. Furthermore, natural deposits of SiC are present within moissanite mineral formations. Ceramic glazes contain powders of this substance that, when added […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":201,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200\/revisions\/201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}