Silicio karbidas yra viena stipriausi\u0173 pa\u017eangi\u0173 keramini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173. D\u0117l savo i\u0161skirtinio stiprumo, standumo, ma\u017eo \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi ir atsparumo korozijai silicio karbidas yra puiki med\u017eiaga automobili\u0173 stabd\u017eiams ir sankaboms bei neper\u0161aunamoms liemen\u0117ms gaminti.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra viena kie\u010diausi\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, nusileid\u017eianti tik boro karbidui ir deimantui. Jis da\u017enai pasirenkamas naudoti ugniai atsparioms liejimo med\u017eiagoms ir abrazyvams.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra viena kie\u010diausi\u0173 \u0161iuo metu \u017einom\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, pagal kietum\u0105 prilygstanti tokioms kietoms med\u017eiagoms kaip deimantas ir boro karbidas. Tod\u0117l silicio karbidas pla\u010diai naudojamas ginklams ir \u0161arvo plok\u0161t\u0117ms gaminti.<\/p>\n
D\u0117l didelio stiprumo ir atsparumo \u0161liau\u017eimui ugniai atspari keramika yra tinkama med\u017eiaga pramonini\u0173 krosni\u0173 \u012fd\u0117klams ir kaitinimo elementams, siurbli\u0173 dalims, raket\u0173 varikli\u0173 komponentams ir keraminiams \u0161viesos diod\u0173 pad\u0117klams gaminti.<\/p>\n
Pirmin\u0117s b\u016bsenos junginys paprastai yra kietas ir trapus, ta\u010diau j\u012f galima gerokai modifikuoti prid\u0117jus aliuminio arba boro. Be to, jis i\u0161lieka netirpus vandenyje, alkoholyje ir daugelyje organini\u0173 r\u016bg\u0161\u010di\u0173, \u0161arm\u0173 ar drusk\u0173.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido kietum\u0105 galima i\u0161matuoti \u012fvairiais metodais, \u012fskaitant Rokvelo ir Brinelio bandymus. \u0160iais matavimais nustatomas kiet\u0173j\u0173 objekt\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, plieno rutuliuk\u0173 ar deimantini\u0173 rutuliuk\u0173, padaryto \u012fdubimo gylis, siekiant nustatyti kietum\u0105.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra itin kieta, standi, auk\u0161tai temperat\u016brai atspari med\u017eiaga, turinti ma\u017e\u0105 \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi koeficient\u0105 - d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 savybi\u0173 jis yra pageidautina astronomini\u0173 teleskop\u0173 veidrod\u017ei\u0173 med\u017eiaga. Silicio karbid\u0105 cheminio nusodinimo i\u0161 gar\u0173 metodu galima i\u0161auginti \u012f didelius iki 3,5 m skersmens diskus; \"Herschel\" ir \"Gaia\" kosminiuose teleskopuose naudojami silicio karbido veidrod\u017eiai.<\/p>\n
\u0160ilumos laidumas rodo med\u017eiag\u0173 geb\u0117jim\u0105 perduoti \u0161ilum\u0105 per jas tam tikroje temperat\u016broje, matuojamas vatais vienam metrui kelvino. \u0160i\u0105 savyb\u0119 galima keisti kei\u010diant med\u017eiag\u0173 sud\u0117t\u012f, strukt\u016br\u0105 ir b\u016bsen\u0105. Ir atvirk\u0161\u010diai, \u0161ilumin\u0117 var\u017ea arba \u0161ilumin\u0117 izoliacija parodo, kaip gerai med\u017eiagos sulaiko arba i\u0161saugo \u0161ilum\u0105.<\/p>\n
Karborundas gaminamas mai\u0161ant kvarcin\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f su anglimi elektrinio lanko krosnyje auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje (paprastai nuo 1600 iki 2500 laipsni\u0173 Celsijaus) ir paprastai gaunami juodi, pilki arba rudi milteliai, vadinami karborundu, jei tai n\u0117ra grynas silicis.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas (SiC) yra nat\u016braliai randama kieta, a\u0161tri med\u017eiaga, pasi\u017eyminti atsparumu kar\u0161\u010diui ir cheminiam poveikiui. Kristalizuodamasis jis sudaro glaud\u017eius kovalentinius ry\u0161ius tarp keturi\u0173 silicio ir keturi\u0173 anglies atom\u0173, tod\u0117l tarp keturi\u0173 anglies atom\u0173 susidaro stipri, labai tetraedrin\u0117 koordinacija, d\u0117l to jis yra itin tvirtas, atsparus \u012fprastoms r\u016bg\u0161tims, druskoms ir \u0161armams, taip pat yra puikus elektros laidininkas.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido korozija gali vykti keliais mechanizmais, pavyzd\u017eiui, vandens reakcijomis, hidratacija arba hidrotermine oksidacija; chemin\u0117 korozija yra da\u017eniausia ir paprastai vyksta \u017eemesn\u0117je temperat\u016broje.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas gaminamas lydant ir smulkinant nat\u016bral\u0173 ar sintetin\u012f kvarcin\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f arba koks\u0105 elektrin\u0117s var\u017eos tipo krosnyje, po to r\u016b\u0161iuojant, malant ir apdorojant \u012fvairioms reikm\u0117ms. \u0160iandien jis gaminamas ugniai atsparioms med\u017eiagoms, metalurgijos, elektronikos pramonei. Pvz: ugniai atsparios med\u017eiagos naudojamos krosni\u0173 lentynoms ir \u012fd\u0117klams, naudojamiems keramikos degimui, lydymui, liejimui, gaminti, o elektronikos pramon\u0117je - galios tranzistoriams, veikiantiems labai auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje ir \u012ftampoje, gaminti.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi puikiu elektriniu laidumu, nes jo med\u017eiagoje yra daug laisv\u0173j\u0173 elektron\u0173. Veikiami elektrinio lauko, \u0161ie elektronai juo sklinda ne\u012ftik\u0117tinu grei\u010diu ir sukuria srov\u0119. Did\u0117jant jo elektriniam laidumui, bet kokiam laukui sukuriama daugiau srov\u0117s.<\/p>\n
SiC yra ideali med\u017eiaga, tinkama naudoti elektros energijai gaminti, nes gali atlaikyti dideles sroves, temperat\u016bras ir da\u017enius, be to, pasi\u017eymi platesne pralaidumo juosta, tod\u0117l gali veikti esant daug didesnei \u012ftampai nei jo populiaresnis pusbrolis silicis.<\/p>\n
Grynas silicio karbidas yra bespalvis kubin\u0117s kristalin\u0117s strukt\u016bros kristalas, kur\u012f galima toliau gryninti pridedant \u012fvairi\u0173 priemai\u0161\u0173, pavyzd\u017eiui, azoto ar aliuminio, - \u0161ios priemai\u0161os, priklausomai nuo to, kaip jos \u012ftraukiamos \u012f chemin\u0119 sud\u0117t\u012f, leid\u017eia silicio karbidui \u012fgyti ir izoliatoriaus, ir puslaidininkio savybi\u0173.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide is one of the strongest advanced ceramic materials. Due to its superior strength, rigidity, low thermal expansion and corrosion resistance properties, silicon carbide makes an excellent material choice for automobile brakes and clutches as well as bulletproof vests. Silicon carbide is one of the hardest materials, second only to boron carbide and diamond. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions\/183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}