Silicio karbidas (SiC) yra i\u0161skirtin\u0117 med\u017eiaga, pasi\u017eyminti puikiomis fizikin\u0117mis savyb\u0117mis. Ji atspari auk\u0161tai temperat\u016brai, korozijai ir dilimui, o jos \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi koeficientas yra ma\u017eas.<\/p>\n
Nat\u016braliai moisanitas nat\u016braliai aptinkamas labai ribotais kiekiais kaip mineralas, o v\u0117liau buvo masi\u0161kai gaminamas Edwardo G. Achesono elektriniu periodinio degimo b\u016bdu, kuris t\u0119siamas iki \u0161i\u0173 dien\u0173.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi i\u0161skirtiniu cheminiu ir mechaniniu atsparumu pla\u010diame temperat\u016br\u0173 spektre, yra atsparus korozijai ir dilimui d\u0117l didelio tamprumo modulio ir ma\u017eo \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi koeficiento. Be to, silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi geru atsparumu \u0161iluminiam sm\u016bgiui, nors ir ma\u017eesniu nei strukt\u016brin\u0117s keramikos cirkonio oksidas.<\/p>\n
SiC paprastai yra elektros izoliatorius, ta\u010diau, kontroliuojamai prid\u0117jus priemai\u0161\u0173, jis gali tapti elektrai laidus. Praturtintas aliuminiu, borais ar galiu jis tampa P tipo puslaidininkiu, o azoto ar fosforo priemai\u0161os suteikia N tipo puslaidininkio savybi\u0173.<\/p>\n
Grynas pramoninis SiC d\u0117l gele\u017eies priemai\u0161\u0173 yra nuo rudos iki juodos spalvos. Kadangi SiC yra daugialyp\u0117 puslaidininkin\u0117 med\u017eiaga, jo kristalin\u0117s strukt\u016bros skiriasi pagal tai, kaip anglies ir silicio atomai surikiuojami \u012f tetraedrus; d\u0117l to pastovioje temperat\u016broje jis gali b\u016bti arba izoliatorius, arba laidininkas; be to, jis i\u0161lieka netirpus vandenyje ir alkoholyje, bet atsparus daugumai organini\u0173 r\u016bg\u0161\u010di\u0173, \u0161arm\u0173 ir drusk\u0173.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido keramika naudojama daugelyje sri\u010di\u0173: nuo abrazyvini\u0173 ir pjovimo \u012franki\u0173, konstrukcini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 (neper\u0161aunam\u0173 liemeni\u0173 ir kompozitini\u0173 \u0161arv\u0173), automobili\u0173 dali\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip stabd\u017ei\u0173 diskai ir \u017eaibolaid\u017eiai, iki didelio atsparumo korozijai ir dilimui aplinkose, pavyzd\u017eiui, naftos chemijos gamyklose ar d\u016bm\u0173 duj\u0173 nusierinimo sistemose.<\/p>\n
SiC maitinimo \u012ftaisai naudojasi plataus pralaidumo puslaidininkio savyb\u0117mis, kad gal\u0117t\u0173 laid\u017eiai veikti auk\u0161tesn\u0117mis \u012ftampomis, tod\u0117l galima sukurti kompakti\u0161kesnes energijos konversijos sistemas su ma\u017eesniais energijos nuostoliais ir trumpesne konversijos trukme. Be to, SiC prietaisai lenkia silicio analogus pagal perjungimo srov\u0117s ir temperat\u016bros charakteristikas, palyginti su silicio analogais, tod\u0117l galutini\u0173 produkt\u0173 efektyvumas gerokai padid\u0117ja.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas (SiC) d\u0117l unikalaus fizikini\u0173 ir elektronini\u0173 savybi\u0173 derinio spar\u010diai kei\u010dia galios elektronik\u0105. I\u0161 SiC pagaminti MOSFET ir \u0160otkio diodai yra pla\u010diai naudojamos galios puslaidininki\u0173 technologijos, kurios sudaro pagrindinius elektrini\u0173 transporto priemoni\u0173 traukos inverteri\u0173 ir borto \u012fkrovikli\u0173, taip pat \u012fkrovimo stotyse esan\u010di\u0173 DC\/DC keitikli\u0173 komponentus, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad elektromobili\u0173 akumuliatori\u0173 veikimo nuotolis padid\u0117ja, o pramonini\u0173 \u012frengini\u0173 efektyvumas padid\u0117ja.<\/p>\n
I\u0161 silicio karbido galima pagaminti daugyb\u0119 \u012fvairios paskirties med\u017eiag\u0173. Mechanikos in\u017einieriai juo remiasi kaip pa\u017eangia keramika d\u0117l jo tvirtumo, kietumo, atsparumo korozijai ir dilimui, taip pat elektros in\u017einieriai, kurie naudoja jo i\u0161skirtines elektrines savybes kaip puslaidinink\u012f. Be to, silicio karbidas yra neatsiejama sud\u0117tini\u0173 \u0161arv\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip Chobhamo \u0161arvai ar neper\u0161aunam\u0173 liemeni\u0173 keramin\u0117s plok\u0161tel\u0117s, dalis.<\/p>\n
1891 m. Edvardas Goodrichas Achesonas pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 dirbtinai susintetino SiC bandydamas pagaminti sintetinius deimantus. Jis suk\u016br\u0117 kietus, m\u0117lynai juodus kristalus, kuriuos pavadino karborundu, nes jie buvo klaidingai pavadinti \u012f korund\u0105 pana\u0161iu junginiu, ta\u010diau nuo to laiko jo metodas tapo daugumos SiC gamybos pagrindu.<\/p>\n
Achesono krosnyje pagamint\u0173 kristal\u0173 grynumas priklauso nuo j\u0173 atstumo nuo grafito rezistoriaus \u0161ilumos \u0161altinio; ar\u010diausiai jo esantys kristalai b\u016bna skaidr\u016bs, o toliau esantys - tamsesni d\u0117l azoto ar aliuminio dopingo, kuris suma\u017eina laidum\u0105. Dideli pavieniai kristalai, komerci\u0161kai gaminami modifikuotais Lely procesais arba fiziniu gar\u0173 perne\u0161imu.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido dulk\u0117s gali b\u016bti dirginantis trukdis, kuris gali prisid\u0117ti prie neprogresuojan\u010dios plau\u010di\u0173 fibroz\u0117s ir sukelti nosies bei aki\u0173 dirginim\u0105. Ilgalaikis poveikis gali net sukelti pneumokonioz\u0119 - l\u0117tin\u0119 plau\u010di\u0173 lig\u0105, kurios simptomai - pakitimai kr\u016btin\u0117s l\u0105stos rentgeno nuotraukose ir plau\u010di\u0173 funkcijos praradimas; be to, padid\u0117ja tuberkulioz\u0117s rizika.<\/p>\n
D\u0117l ypatingo kietumo ir standumo anglies pluo\u0161to \u0161arvai u\u017etikrina balistin\u0119 apsaug\u0105, o j\u0173 svoris yra daug ma\u017eesnis nei tradicini\u0173 plienini\u0173 sprendim\u0173.<\/p>\n
Branduolin\u0117je energetikoje SiC apvalkalas naudojamas d\u0117l jo i\u0161skirtini\u0173 \u0161vitinimo savybi\u0173, pranokstan\u010di\u0173 Zry-4, esant pirminiam Tresca \u012ftempi\u0173 lygiui ir didesniam, ta\u010diau i\u0161laikant priimtin\u0105 i\u0161jungimo atsarg\u0105. Be to, ji pasi\u017eymi ma\u017eesniu neutron\u0173 sugerties skerspj\u016bviu; tiek SS-310, tiek FeCrAl dangos turi \u0161iek tiek daugiau neigiam\u0173 MTC ver\u010di\u0173 esant BOL nei SiC; ta\u010diau po 5 s LBLOCA \u0161is rodiklis gerokai suma\u017e\u0117ja d\u0117l vaising\u0173 neutron\u0173 Doplerio i\u0161pl\u0117timo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an exceptional material with outstanding physical properties. It is resistant to high temperatures, corrosion and wear while possessing low thermal expansion rates. Moissanite occurs naturally in very limited quantities as a mineral, and has since been mass produced via Edward G. Acheson’s electric batch furnace process which continues to this day. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}