Silicio karbidas yra viena i\u0161 kie\u010diausi\u0173 ir stipriausi\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u017dem\u0117je, pasi\u017eyminti tvirtumu, \u0161iluminiu laidumu ir atsparumu r\u016bg\u0161tims - \u0161ios savyb\u0117s leid\u017eia j\u012f naudoti \u012fvairiose pramon\u0117s \u0161akose.<\/p>\n
SiC yra nat\u016bralus mineralas, \u017einomas kaip moisanitas, ta\u010diau nuo 1893 m. jis masi\u0161kai gaminamas milteli\u0173 ir kristal\u0173 pavidalu, kad b\u016bt\u0173 naudojamas kaip abrazyvas ir kitiems pramoniniams bei puslaidininkiniams substratams.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi unikaliomis savyb\u0117mis, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 jis yra viena naudingiausi\u0173 pramonini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173. I\u0161 pa\u017eangi\u0173 keramini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 jis yra kietas ir lengvas; be to, pasi\u017eymi puikiu \u0161ilumos laidumu ir ma\u017eu \u0161iluminiu pl\u0117timusi; be to, lengvai susidoroja su erozija ir dilimu - d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 savybi\u0173 jis tinka naudoti mal\u016bn\u0173 \u012fd\u0117kl\u0173 sistemose, ciklon\u0173 komponentuose, purk\u0161tuvuose ir ekstruderiuose.<\/p>\n
Grynas silicio karbidas yra elektros izoliatorius. Ta\u010diau prid\u0117jus kontroliuojam\u0173 priemai\u0161\u0173, silicio karbid\u0105 galima priversti elgtis kaip puslaidininkin\u012f prietais\u0105 - aliuminis, boras ir galis gali sukurti P tipo prietaisus, o azotas ir fosforas - N tipo prietaisus.<\/p>\n
SiC tranzistoriai pasi\u017eymi didesne pramu\u0161imo \u012ftampa ir ma\u017eesne \u012fjungimo var\u017ea, palyginti su silicio tranzistoriais, tod\u0117l galima naudoti didesnius perjungimo da\u017enius ir ma\u017eesnes galios elektronikos sistemas. Elektromobili\u0173 \u012fkrovimo inverteriuose SiC gali b\u016bti naudojamas siekiant suma\u017einti j\u0173 galios valdymo sistem\u0173 dyd\u012f ir svor\u012f bei padidinti va\u017eiavimo nuotol\u012f.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas, da\u017eniau vadinamas SiC, yra itin kietas, sintetiniu b\u016bdu pagamintas kristalinis junginys, sudarytas i\u0161 silicio ir anglies, chemi\u0161kai inerti\u0161kas ir atsparus korozijai (nors jautrus druskos, sieros ar kit\u0173 r\u016bg\u0161\u010di\u0173 poveikiui).<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi daugeliu nauding\u0173 savybi\u0173, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 jis yra vertinga med\u017eiaga, \u012fskaitant didel\u012f stiprum\u0105 ir standum\u0105, ma\u017e\u0105 \u0161ilumin\u012f pl\u0117tim\u0105si, atsparum\u0105 oksidacijai ir dilimui, taip pat atsparum\u0105 elastingumui net auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje. D\u0117l \u0161io keramikos ir puslaidininki\u0173 savybi\u0173 derinio jis yra puikus med\u017eiagos pasirinkimas strukt\u016brinei keramikai ir abrazyvin\u0117ms med\u017eiagoms gaminti.<\/p>\n
Grynas SiC yra bespalvis kristalas. Ta\u010diau, prid\u0117jus skirting\u0105 kiek\u012f priemai\u0161\u0173, jo elektrines savybes galima pakeisti \u012f puslaidininkio savybes. Sluoksnin\u0117s strukt\u016bros kristaluose sukuria skirtingus silicio karbido potipius su unikaliomis kristalin\u0117mis strukt\u016bromis; da\u017eniausiai aptinkama 6H-SiC \u0161e\u0161iakamp\u0117 kristalin\u0117 strukt\u016bra, tinkanti galios elektronikai d\u0117l plataus 1,12eV juostos tarpo, kaip teigia \"Wolfspeed\".<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido unikalios fizin\u0117s ir elektronin\u0117s savyb\u0117s i\u0161 esm\u0117s kei\u010dia galios elektronik\u0105. Nauji prietaisai, sukurti naudojant SiC, pasi\u017eymi didesniu patikimumu, ma\u017eesniais galios nuostoliais, greitesniu perjungimo laiku ir didesniu energijos vartojimo efektyvumu, palyginti su j\u0173 pirmtakais.<\/p>\n
Grynas silicio karbidas yra elektrinis izoliatorius, ta\u010diau tam tikromis aplinkyb\u0117mis j\u012f papild\u017eius kontroliuojamomis priemai\u0161omis (vadinamaisiais dopantais), jis gali praleisti elektros srov\u0119. Aliuminio, boro ir galio dopingas sukuria P tipo puslaidininkius; fosforo ir azoto dopingas sukuria N tipo puslaidininkius.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido atomin\u0117 strukt\u016bra pana\u0161i \u012f anglies ir silicio atom\u0173, kovalenti\u0161kai susijungusi\u0173 \u012f du pirminius koordinacinius tetraedrus: keturi anglies ir keturi silicio atomai kovalenti\u0161kai susijung\u0119 tarpusavyje sudaro du pirminius koordinacinius tetraedrus, kuri\u0173 kiekvien\u0105 sudaro keturi anglies ir keturi silicio atomai, kovalenti\u0161kai susijung\u0119 tarpusavyje. Jis gali b\u016bti auginamas \u012fvairiomis formomis; paprastai sumalamas \u012f smulkius miltelius, tada sumai\u0161omas su neoksidin\u0117mis sukepinimo pagalbin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis, tokiomis kaip silicio organin\u0117s ri\u0161amosios med\u017eiagos, kad susidaryt\u0173 pastos pavidalo mi\u0161inys, kur\u012f galima formuoti naudojant \u0161alt\u0105 izostatin\u012f presavim\u0105 arba ekstruzijos procesus - pla\u010diai naudojamas pjovimo \u012frankiams, konstrukcin\u0117ms med\u017eiagoms (neper\u0161aunamoms liemen\u0117ms ir (arba) kompozitiniams \u0161arvams), automobili\u0173 dalims gaminti, veidrod\u017ei\u0173 med\u017eiagoms gaminti, taip pat astronomini\u0173 teleskop\u0173 veidrod\u017ei\u0173 med\u017eiagoms gaminti.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra viena kie\u010diausi\u0173 ir stipriausi\u0173 pa\u017eangi\u0173j\u0173 keramini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, pasi\u017eyminti ma\u017eu \u0161iluminiu pl\u0117timusi, atsparumu r\u016bg\u0161tims, erozijai ir puikiu atsparumu dilimui.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidui gaminti naudojamos \u012fvairios chemin\u0117s reakcijos, ta\u010diau da\u017eniausiai naudojamas Achesono procesas. Jis apima silicio dioksido ir kokso mi\u0161inio kaitinim\u0105 auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje, kol chemin\u0117s med\u017eiagos chemi\u0161kai reaguoja ir susidaro kristalai.<\/p>\n
Tada \u0161ie kristalai sumalami \u012f smulkius miltelius ir kartu su neoksidin\u0117mis sukepinimo med\u017eiagomis, tokiomis kaip silicio organin\u0117s ri\u0161amosios med\u017eiagos, sudaro past\u0105, kuri sutankinama ir formuojama ekstruzijos arba \u0161altojo izostatinio presavimo b\u016bdu.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas d\u0117l savo kietumo ir patvarumo yra nepakei\u010diama med\u017eiaga \u0161iuolaikin\u0117je lapidaryst\u0117je. D\u0117l savo universalumo jis naudojamas \u012fvairioms reikm\u0117ms: krosni\u0173 \u012fd\u0117klams, pjovimo \u012frankiams ir \u0161lifavimo diskams, siurbli\u0173 ir raket\u0173 varikli\u0173 dilimui atsparioms dalims, ma\u017eos var\u017eos galios elektronikos komponentams, taip pat plonesn\u0117ms plok\u0161tel\u0117ms d\u0117l ma\u017eesn\u0117s pramu\u0161imo \u012ftampos gaminti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide is one of the hardest and strongest materials on Earth, known for its strength, thermal conductivity and acid resistance – qualities which make it suitable for applications across industries. SiC is a naturally-occurring mineral known as moissanite; however, since 1893 it has been mass produced as powder and crystal form for use as […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}