A szil\u00edciumkarbid (SiC) egy kiv\u00e9teles anyag, amely kiemelked\u0151 fizikai tulajdons\u00e1gokkal rendelkezik. Ellen\u00e1ll a magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletnek, a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3nak \u00e9s a kop\u00e1snak, mik\u00f6zben alacsony h\u0151t\u00e1gul\u00e1si sebess\u00e9ggel rendelkezik.<\/p>\n
A moissanit a term\u00e9szetben \u00e1sv\u00e1nyk\u00e9nt nagyon korl\u00e1tozott mennyis\u00e9gben fordul el\u0151, \u00e9s az\u00f3ta t\u00f6megesen gy\u00e1rtj\u00e1k Edward G. Acheson elektromos szakaszos kemenc\u00e9ben, ami a mai napig tart.<\/p>\n
A szil\u00edciumkarbid kiv\u00e9teles k\u00e9miai \u00e9s mechanikai szil\u00e1rds\u00e1got biztos\u00edt sz\u00e9les h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti spektrumban, magas rugalmass\u00e1gi modulus\u00e1val \u00e9s alacsony h\u0151t\u00e1gul\u00e1si egy\u00fctthat\u00f3j\u00e1val ellen\u00e1ll a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3nak \u00e9s a kop\u00e1snak. A szil\u00edciumkarbid tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 j\u00f3 h\u0151\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1got mutat, b\u00e1r kev\u00e9sb\u00e9, mint a szerkezeti ker\u00e1mia cirk\u00f3nium-dioxid.<\/p>\n
A SiC \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban elektromos szigetel\u0151, azonban szennyez\u0151d\u00e9sek szab\u00e1lyozott hozz\u00e1ad\u00e1s\u00e1val elektromosan vezet\u0151v\u00e9 v\u00e1lhat. Alum\u00edniummal, b\u00f3rral vagy galliummal adal\u00e9kolva P-t\u00edpus\u00fa f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 lesz, m\u00edg nitrog\u00e9n- vagy foszforadal\u00e9kol\u00e1ssal N-t\u00edpus\u00fa f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 tulajdons\u00e1gokat kap.<\/p>\n
A tiszta ipari SiC sz\u00edne a vas szennyez\u0151d\u00e9sek miatt barn\u00e1s-fekete. Mivel t\u00f6bbt\u00edpus\u00fa f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 anyag, krist\u00e1lyszerkezete a sz\u00e9n- \u00e9s szil\u00edciumatomok tetra\u00e9derekbe rendez\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t tekintve v\u00e1ltozik; ez lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy \u00e1lland\u00f3 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten szigetel\u0151k\u00e9nt vagy vezet\u0151k\u00e9nt viselkedjen; tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 v\u00edzben \u00e9s alkoholban egyar\u00e1nt oldhatatlan, de ellen\u00e1ll a legt\u00f6bb szerves savnak, l\u00fagnak \u00e9s s\u00f3nak.<\/p>\n
A szil\u00edcium-karbid ker\u00e1mi\u00e1k sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fcleten alkalmazhat\u00f3k: a csiszol\u00f3- \u00e9s v\u00e1g\u00f3szersz\u00e1mokt\u00f3l kezdve a szerkezeti anyagokon (goly\u00f3\u00e1ll\u00f3 mell\u00e9nyek \u00e9s kompozit p\u00e1nc\u00e9lok), aut\u00f3alkatr\u00e9szeken, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul f\u00e9kt\u00e1rcs\u00e1kon \u00e9s vill\u00e1mh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00f3kon \u00e1t a korr\u00f3zi\u00f3val \u00e9s kop\u00e1ssal szemben nagy ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00fa k\u00f6rnyezetekig, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul petrolk\u00e9miai termel\u0151\u00fczemekben vagy f\u00fcstg\u00e1z-k\u00e9ntelen\u00edt\u0151 rendszerekben.<\/p>\n
A SiC t\u00e1pegys\u00e9gek kihaszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a sz\u00e9les s\u00e1vsz\u00e9less\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 tulajdons\u00e1gait, hogy magasabb fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gen vezessenek, \u00edgy kisebb energiavesztes\u00e9ggel \u00e9s r\u00f6videbb \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1si id\u0151vel rendelkez\u0151, kompaktabb energia\u00e1talak\u00edt\u00f3 rendszereket tesznek lehet\u0151v\u00e9. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a SiC-eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k fel\u00fclm\u00falt\u00e1k a szil\u00edciumb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt t\u00e1rsaikat a kapcsol\u00e1si \u00e1ram \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye tekintet\u00e9ben, ami jelent\u0151s hat\u00e9konys\u00e1gn\u00f6veked\u00e9st eredm\u00e9nyezett a v\u00e9gterm\u00e9kek eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n
A szil\u00edcium-karbid (SiC) a fizikai \u00e9s elektronikus tulajdons\u00e1gok egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en gyorsan forradalmas\u00edtja a teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyelektronik\u00e1t. A SiC-b\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt MOSFET-ek \u00e9s Schottky-di\u00f3d\u00e1k sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmazott teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny-f\u00e9lvezet\u0151 technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k, \u00e9s kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa alkatr\u00e9szek az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek vontat\u00e1si invertereiben \u00e9s fed\u00e9lzeti t\u00f6lt\u0151iben, valamint a t\u00f6lt\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1sokon tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 DC\/DC \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00f3kban - ez az elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek akkumul\u00e1torainak nagyobb hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s az ipari alkalmaz\u00e1sok nagyobb hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1t eredm\u00e9nyezi.<\/p>\n
A szil\u00edciumkarbidb\u00f3l sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sra alkalmas anyagot lehet el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtani. A g\u00e9p\u00e9szm\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k szil\u00e1rds\u00e1ga, kem\u00e9nys\u00e9ge, korr\u00f3zi\u00f3- \u00e9s kop\u00e1s\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1ga miatt fejlett ker\u00e1miak\u00e9nt, a villamosm\u00e9rn\u00f6k\u00f6k pedig rendk\u00edv\u00fcli elektromos tulajdons\u00e1gait f\u00e9lvezet\u0151k\u00e9nt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. A szil\u00edciumkarbid tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 szerves r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezi az olyan kompozit p\u00e1nc\u00e9loknak, mint a Chobham p\u00e1nc\u00e9l vagy a goly\u00f3\u00e1ll\u00f3 mell\u00e9nyekben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 ker\u00e1mialemezek.<\/p>\n
Edward Goodrich Acheson 1891-ben szintetiz\u00e1lta el\u0151sz\u00f6r mesters\u00e9gesen a SiC-et, mik\u00f6zben szintetikus gy\u00e9m\u00e1ntokat pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtani. Mik\u00f6zben kem\u00e9ny, k\u00e9k-fekete krist\u00e1lyokat hozott l\u00e9tre, amelyeket karborundumnak nevezett el, mivel t\u00e9vesen korundszer\u0171 vegy\u00fcletnek diagnosztiz\u00e1lt\u00e1k, az \u0151 m\u00f3dszere az\u00f3ta a mai SiC-gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek alapj\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n
Az Acheson-kemenc\u00e9ben el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott krist\u00e1lyok tisztas\u00e1ga a grafitellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s h\u0151forr\u00e1s\u00e1t\u00f3l val\u00f3 t\u00e1vols\u00e1guk f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben v\u00e1ltozik; a hozz\u00e1 legk\u00f6zelebbi krist\u00e1lyok \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban vil\u00e1gosak, m\u00edg a t\u00e1volabbiak a vezet\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9get cs\u00f6kkent\u0151 nitrog\u00e9n vagy alum\u00ednium adal\u00e9kol\u00e1ssal s\u00f6t\u00e9tebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak. A kereskedelmi forgalomban m\u00f3dos\u00edtott Lely-elj\u00e1r\u00e1ssal vagy fizikai g\u0151ztranszporttal el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtott nagym\u00e9ret\u0171 egykrist\u00e1lyok.<\/p>\n
A szil\u00edciumkarbid por irrit\u00e1l\u00f3 kellemetlens\u00e9get okozhat, amely hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulhat a nem progressz\u00edv t\u00fcd\u0151fibr\u00f3zis kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s irrit\u00e1lhatja az orrot \u00e9s a szemet. A hosszan tart\u00f3 expoz\u00edci\u00f3 ak\u00e1r pneumoconiosishoz is vezethet - egy kr\u00f3nikus t\u00fcd\u0151betegs\u00e9ghez, amelynek t\u00fcnetei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak a mellkasi r\u00f6ntgenfelv\u00e9teleken l\u00e1that\u00f3 rendelleness\u00e9gek \u00e9s a t\u00fcd\u0151funkci\u00f3 cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se; emellett n\u00f6veli a tuberkul\u00f3zis kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
Kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 kem\u00e9nys\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s merevs\u00e9g\u00e9nek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a sz\u00e9nsz\u00e1las p\u00e1nc\u00e9lzat ballisztikai v\u00e9delmet ny\u00fajt a hagyom\u00e1nyos ac\u00e9l megold\u00e1sokn\u00e1l j\u00f3val kisebb term\u00e9kt\u00f6meg mellett.<\/p>\n
A nukle\u00e1ris alkalmaz\u00e1sokban a SiC burkolatot kiemelked\u0151 besug\u00e1rz\u00e1si teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nye miatt haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, amely meghaladja a Zry-4-et az els\u0151dleges Tresca-fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gi szintekn\u00e9l \u00e9s azon t\u00fal, m\u00e9g mindig elfogadhat\u00f3 le\u00e1ll\u00e1si tartal\u00e9k fenntart\u00e1sa mellett. Tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 alacsonyabb neutronelnyel\u00e9si keresztmetszettel b\u00fcszk\u00e9lkedhet; mind az SS-310, mind a FeCrAl burkolatok BOL-n\u00e1l a SiC-n\u00e9l minim\u00e1lisan negat\u00edvabb MTC-\u00e9rt\u00e9keket mutatnak; ez azonban 5 s LBLOCA ut\u00e1n jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kken a term\u00e9keny neutronok Doppler-sz\u00e9lesed\u00e9se miatt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an exceptional material with outstanding physical properties. It is resistant to high temperatures, corrosion and wear while possessing low thermal expansion rates. Moissanite occurs naturally in very limited quantities as a mineral, and has since been mass produced via Edward G. Acheson’s electric batch furnace process which continues to this day. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}