Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) m\u00e1 neobvyklou krystalovou strukturu. Obsahuje \u010dty\u0159i atomy Si a \u010dty\u0159i atomy C v uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9m koordina\u010dn\u00edm tetraedrick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s vrstvami poskl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi do polytyp\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch jeho prim\u00e1rn\u00ed koordina\u010dn\u00ed tetraedr.<\/p>\n
Z elektrick\u00e9ho hlediska m\u00e1 karbid k\u0159em\u00edku schopnost odol\u00e1vat p\u011btkr\u00e1t a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e k\u0159em\u00edk. To z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro v\u00fdkonov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro provoz modern\u00ed elektroniky, a v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s k\u0159em\u00edkem je tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm polovodi\u010dov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. Tato \u00fa\u010dinnost pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat velikost a n\u00e1klady na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00e1 z bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se od k\u0159em\u00edku odli\u0161uje mnohem u\u017e\u0161\u00ed energetickou mezerou mezi valen\u010dn\u00edm a vodivostn\u00edm p\u00e1sem, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje elektron\u016fm snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchod mezi t\u011bmito p\u00e1sy ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s k\u0159em\u00edkem, a t\u00edm i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00fd proud, ne\u017e jak\u00fd mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat srovnateln\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyroben\u00e1 z k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>\n
In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt kubick\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1\u0161ku SiC v kombinaci s neoxidov\u00fdmi pojivy. Krom\u011b toho lze krystaly SiC p\u011bstovat tak\u00e9 chemickou depozic\u00ed z plynn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze. P\u0159i t\u00e9to technice se do vakuov\u00e9 komory p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bs plyn\u016f, kter\u00e1 se pak nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na substr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n
Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00fd a odoln\u00fd povrch a odolnost v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m, z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed, jako je lapid\u00e1rium. Karborundovou dr\u0165 lze tak\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt v kol\u00e1\u017eov\u00e9 grafice, kde se nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na hlin\u00edkovou desku, nat\u00edr\u00e1 se inkoustem a pot\u00e9 se pro \u00fa\u010dely tisku p\u0159itiskne na pap\u00edr.<\/p>\n
Keramika z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je v\u00fdbornou volbou pro nepr\u016fst\u0159elnou vestu, proto\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee absorbovat energii st\u0159ely a zpomalit ji, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euje riziko zran\u011bn\u00ed nebo smrti. Jejich lehkost poskytuje nositel\u016fm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohyblivost a pohodl\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jejich vysok\u00e1 tvrdost umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1vat hrozb\u00e1m, jako jsou kulky a panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e9 st\u0159ely, stejn\u011b jako st\u0159epin\u00e1m o vysok\u00e9 rychlosti.<\/p>\n
Zbroj z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je k dispozici vojensk\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu i policist\u016fm na ochranu p\u0159ed st\u0159eln\u00fdmi a ostr\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi. Ne\u017e se zbroj z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku za\u010dne prod\u00e1vat koncov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm nebo v\u00fdrobc\u016fm, mus\u00ed proj\u00edt p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi testovac\u00edmi postupy, kter\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed, zda spl\u0148uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku m\u00e1 oproti sv\u00fdm kovov\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016fm n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, v\u010detn\u011b vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti, kter\u00e1 jej chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed deformac\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1razu, a vysok\u00e9 tvrdosti a pevnosti v tahu materi\u00e1lu karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku, d\u00edky nim\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho pl\u00e1t neporu\u0161en\u00fd i p\u0159i z\u00e1sahu kulkou, a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed tak k jeho zlomen\u00ed nebo p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Cook\u016fv patent podrobn\u011b popisuje v\u0161echny klasick\u00e9 principy keramick\u00e9ho kompozitn\u00edho panc\u00ed\u0159e, od pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edce dla\u017edic oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jako mozaiky pro maximalizaci schopnosti zas\u00e1hnout v\u00edce osob a\u017e po pevnou podlo\u017eku a koncept konoidu lomu. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina keramiky je snadno zni\u010diteln\u00e1 tvarovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1lo\u017eemi, tato konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed konstrukce desek z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku podlo\u017een\u00fdch oxidem hlinit\u00fdm byla schopna odolat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 s\u00edle p\u0159i testech s tvarovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1lo\u017eemi; d\u00edky tomu je vhodn\u00e1 jak pro policejn\u00ed vozidla, tak pro civiln\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vozidla.<\/p>\n
K\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 (Si) polovodi\u010de dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed v elektronice s n\u00edzkou spot\u0159ebou, ale jejich omezen\u00ed se projevuj\u00ed p\u0159i provozu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, nap\u011bt\u00edch a frekvenc\u00edch. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) nab\u00edz\u00ed v takov\u00fdch obvodech lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon ne\u017e Si d\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu energetick\u00e9mu p\u00e1su, kter\u00fd odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, a lep\u0161\u00edm vlastnostem tepeln\u00e9ho managementu.<\/p>\n
Technologie karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky byly men\u0161\u00ed a pracovaly rychleji d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u tradi\u010dn\u00edho k\u0159em\u00edku a nitridu galia v syst\u00e9mech p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edch 1000 V. Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku jsou proto ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro elektromobily, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de a dal\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie.<\/p>\n
Karborundum (Ceram) je krystalick\u00e1 forma karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku. Ceram se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed od roku 1893 jako brusivo, hraje tak\u00e9 ned\u00edlnou roli v keramick\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest a je jedn\u00edm z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f hned po diamantu. Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed tohoto materi\u00e1lu s p\u0159esn\u00fdmi tolerancemi vy\u017eaduje vysokou \u00farove\u0148 dovednost\u00ed, proto\u017ee lze vyu\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky brou\u0161en\u00ed a lapov\u00e1n\u00ed; jakmile hotov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky projdou d\u016fkladnou kontrolou, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed jejich mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed normy.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je ji\u017e dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1n za neoceniteln\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 brusivo d\u00edky sv\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdosti a hou\u017eevnatosti, co\u017e jej \u010din\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159i brou\u0161en\u00ed nebo \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f s n\u00edzkou pevnost\u00ed v tahu, v\u010detn\u011b skla, keramiky, kamene a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se osv\u011bd\u010dil jako obl\u00edben\u00fd materi\u00e1l brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u016f; nav\u00edc je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 trvanlivosti ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00edho lapid\u00e1rn\u00edho vybaven\u00ed pro \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b moissanitu.<\/p>\n
PEEK je chemicky inertn\u00ed a vysoce odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di korozi p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Jeho velmi vysok\u00fd modul pru\u017enosti nav\u00edc zaji\u0161\u0165uje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed rozm\u011brovou stabilitu; d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 pevnosti v tlaku, n\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u00f3rovitosti a nulov\u00e9 hustot\u011b p\u00f3r\u016f je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro mechanick\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a lo\u017eiska; je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v syst\u00e9mech \u010derpadel a pohon\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat s agresivn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e a neobvykl\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostem se karbid k\u0159em\u00edku odli\u0161uje od sv\u00fdch konkurent\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na teplot\u011b a aplikaci funguje jak jako polovodi\u010d typu P, tak jako polovodi\u010d typu N - co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 vlastnost, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e je tento materi\u00e1l ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro aplikace v\u010detn\u011b \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch vyzd\u00edvek, elektrick\u00fdch pec\u00ed, keramiky a dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) possesses an unusual crystal structure. It contains four Si and four C atoms in an ordered coordination tetrahedral arrangement with layers stacked into polytypes forming its primary coordination tetrahedron. Electrically, silicon carbide has the ability to withstand voltages five-ten times higher than silicon. This makes it an excellent material choice for power […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions\/375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}