Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 keramika s mnoha u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, v\u010detn\u011b pevnosti, tvrdosti, trvanlivosti, odolnosti proti korozi a elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti.<\/p>\n
Edward Acheson poprv\u00e9 um\u011ble syntetizoval SiC v roce 1891. A\u010dkoli jeho miner\u00e1ln\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ek, moissanit, existuje v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161ina dnes vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho SiC se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synteticky pod n\u00e1zvem Carborundum.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l s mnohostrann\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v brusivech d\u00edky sv\u00e9 tvrdosti a tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti; podobn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a keramice d\u00edky n\u00edzk\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm. Krom\u011b toho lze SiC klasifikovat tak\u00e9 jako polovodi\u010d, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 vodivostn\u00ed vlastnosti na pomez\u00ed mezi vlastnostmi kov\u016f a izolant\u016f.<\/p>\n
SiC je jednou z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch syntetick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, jej\u00ed\u017e tvrdost se na Mohsov\u011b stupnici bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tvrdosti diamantu. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako abrazivo p\u0159i obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed, jako je p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed, brou\u0161en\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edm paprskem, a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 v karborundov\u00e9 grafice, kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pasty na hlin\u00edkovou desku a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m ru\u010dn\u00edm nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed inkoustu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zna\u010dky na pap\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n
SiC je schopen odol\u00e1vat extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v jadern\u00fdch reaktorech k ochran\u011b st\u011bn p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm radiac\u00ed, v ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pec\u00edch a p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b keramiky a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n
Modern\u00ed metody v\u00fdroby SiC pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v abrazivech, metalurgii a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch zahrnuj\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011bsi \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku s uhl\u00edkem v koksu v elektrick\u00e9 odporov\u00e9 cihlov\u00e9 peci a pr\u016fchodem elektrick\u00e9ho proudu jej\u00edm vodi\u010dem se vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reakce, p\u0159i nich\u017e vznikaj\u00ed dva polytypy karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku - alfa SiC m\u00e1 hexagon\u00e1ln\u00ed krystalovou strukturu podobnou wurtzitu, zat\u00edmco beta SiC m\u00e1 krystalovou strukturu zinkov\u00e9ho blendu podobnou diamantu.<\/p>\n
SiC (karbid k\u0159em\u00edku) je synteticky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 krystalick\u00e1 slou\u010denina slo\u017een\u00e1 z k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e1 se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l v brusn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch, \u0159ezn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch, brusn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech a brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch. Krom\u011b toho slou\u017e\u00ed SiC jako ned\u00edln\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st vyzd\u00edvek pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed a tak\u00e9 jako sou\u010d\u00e1stky odoln\u00e9 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed v \u010derpadlech a raketov\u00fdch motorech d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti proti ot\u011bru, chemik\u00e1li\u00edm, vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a korozi.<\/p>\n
Moissanit byl p\u016fvodn\u011b objeven v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jako vz\u00e1cn\u00fd miner\u00e1l moissanit v roce 1891 a od t\u00e9 doby byl um\u011ble syntetizov\u00e1n a masov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm lze tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt velmi tvrd\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v brzdov\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch a spojk\u00e1ch automobil\u016f, a tak\u00e9 nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty z keramick\u00fdch desek vyroben\u00fdch z moissanitu. Krom\u011b toho tento materi\u00e1l tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st vysp\u011bl\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b znamenaj\u00ed revoluci v oblasti v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jakostn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch v z\u00e1vislosti na specifick\u00fdch vlastnostech va\u0161\u00ed aplikace. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pat\u0159\u00ed zelen\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (GSiC), \u010dern\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (BSC) a karbid wolframu (WC), ale nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prod\u00e1vanou t\u0159\u00eddou je \u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (RBSC), kter\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dist\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku s neoxidov\u00fdmi sp\u00e9kac\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edsadami pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tvar\u016f p\u0159ed vyp\u00e1len\u00edm v chemicky inertn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro vyp\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch bez ztr\u00e1ty pevnosti nebo integrity. Materi\u00e1l RBSC nab\u00edz\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou mechanickou pevnost oproti GSiC a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je schopen pracovat za vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek bez ztr\u00e1ty pevnosti nebo integrity oproti sv\u00e9mu prot\u011bj\u0161ku GSiC, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje provoz za vysok\u00fdch teplot bez ztr\u00e1ty pevnosti nebo integrity.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku neboli SiC je jedn\u00edm z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b - co do tvrdosti je a\u017e na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b za diamantem a kubick\u00fdm nitridem b\u00f3ru - a je tak vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonnou keramiku.<\/p>\n
Elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdch nanodr\u00e1tk\u016f jsou tak\u00e9 p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, jejich pr\u016frazn\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudov\u00e9 hodnoty p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnoho b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aplikace, jako jsou v\u00fdkonov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sv\u011bteln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159i\u010de.<\/p>\n
Od roku 1893 se karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se p\u0159irozen\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed v moissanitu. Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 byla zah\u00e1jena komer\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroba pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako abraziva p\u0159i obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed \u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f, keramiky a dal\u0161\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b obrobiteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou brzdy a spojky automobil\u016f a desti\u010dky pro nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty.<\/p>\n
Dopov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje krystal\u016fm karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) p\u0159ej\u00edt z elektrick\u00e9 izolace na vodivost p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm drobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu - obvykle pomoc\u00ed donorov\u00fdch atom\u016f, jako je fosfor nebo arsen, s p\u011bti dostupn\u00fdmi elektrony, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bl\u00ed mezi v\u0161echny atomy k\u0159em\u00edku ve struktu\u0159e krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. Po dopov\u00e1n\u00ed lze krystaly SiC typu N \u0159ezat do desti\u010dek a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z nich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektroniky.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC), jeden z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na Zemi, se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit tvrdost\u00ed podle Mohsovy stupnice 9 a z hlediska tvrdosti ho p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed pouze karbid boru a diamant. SiC se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 tvrdosti b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v abrazivech a sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch odoln\u00fdch proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, d\u00e1le v \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a keramice pro svou odolnost v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti, zat\u00edmco v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronice vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysok\u00e9 provozn\u00ed teploty nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed lze vyu\u017e\u00edt jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje jako miner\u00e1l moissanit; od roku 1893 se v\u0161ak hromadn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ve form\u011b pr\u00e1\u0161ku, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako brusivo. Krom\u011b toho lze karbid k\u0159em\u00edku tak\u00e9 spojovat do extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00e9 keramiky, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v aplikac\u00edch s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky, jako jsou brzdy a spojky automobil\u016f a desky nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest. D\u00e1le lze z tohoto materi\u00e1lu vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky pracuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed, jako jsou sv\u011bteln\u00e9 diody a detektory.<\/p>\n
Z chemick\u00e9ho hlediska je karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) slitina slo\u017een\u00e1 z \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dopov\u00e1na dus\u00edkem, fosforem nebo beryliem a vytv\u00e1\u0159et polovodi\u010de typu n nebo p pomoc\u00ed chemick\u00e9 depozice z par (CVD). Desky SiC pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu polovodi\u010d\u016f se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed metodou chemick\u00e9ho napa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak\u017ee CVD je neoceniteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00fdroby desek pro tuto pokro\u010dilou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologii. Nav\u00edc d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 kvalit\u011b povrchu, n\u00edzk\u00e9mu koeficientu t\u0159en\u00ed a vysok\u00e9mu bodu t\u00e1n\u00ed je SiC nepostradateln\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm v aplikac\u00edch laserov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9ho povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed i v aplikac\u00edch optick\u00e9ho povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed, a to d\u00edky p\u0159esnosti CVD p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b desti\u010dek technologi\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho napa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (CVD).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide is an amazing ceramic with many useful properties, including strength, hardness, durability, corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Edward Acheson first artificially synthesized SiC in 1891. Although its mineral counterpart, moissanite, exists naturally, most SiC manufactured today is synthetically produced under the name Carborundum. High-temperature refractories Silicon carbide (SiC) is an extremely useful nonoxide […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":305,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions\/305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}