Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vlastnostmi polovodi\u010de i keramiky. SiC se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje pouze v miner\u00e1lech moissanitu a vyzna\u010duje se t\u011bsn\u00fdmi strukturami slo\u017een\u00fdmi ze \u010dty\u0159 atom\u016f Si v\u00e1zan\u00fdch se \u010dty\u0159mi atomy uhl\u00edku ve \u010dty\u0159strann\u00fdch tetraedrech, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed jeho strukturu; dal\u0161\u00ed polytypy maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti a tvary.<\/p>\n
Silikonov\u00e1 pry\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v brzd\u00e1ch a spojk\u00e1ch automobil\u016f a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. Krom\u011b toho se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e9 ochrany.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch panc\u00ed\u0159\u00edch d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di st\u0159el\u00e1m a teplot\u00e1m\/prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00fdroba nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest zahrnuje p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 testy, p\u0159i nich\u017e se posuzuj\u00ed jejich balistick\u00e9 schopnosti - \u010dasto se jedn\u00e1 o st\u0159elbu r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy projektil\u016f r\u016fznou rychlost\u00ed, aby se zjistilo, zda je zbroj dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zastavit.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je jedn\u00edm z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch. Mezi tyto vlastnosti pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 rozta\u017enost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed chemick\u00e1 odolnost a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tvrdost a tuhost - vlastnosti nezbytn\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed konstrukci nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat n\u00e1raz\u016fm i podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karborundum (SiC) je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00e1 synteticky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 slou\u010denina k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku s tvrdost\u00ed podle Mohsovy stupnice 9. Ji\u017e dlouho se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako brusivo v brusn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech a brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch, ve vyzd\u00edvk\u00e1ch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed, \u0159ezn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch a jako \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e1 vyzd\u00edvka; d\u00e1le se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v metalurgii a tak\u00e9 jako polovodi\u010dov\u00fd substr\u00e1t pro sv\u011bteln\u00e9 diody (LED).<\/p>\n
Polovodi\u010de z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku jsou obl\u00edbenou volbou v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch nebo nap\u011bt\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1vislosti na pou\u017eit\u00ed se dopuje dus\u00edkem, fosforem nebo hlin\u00edkem a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed polovodi\u010d typu n nebo p; nav\u00edc je vysoce odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di organick\u00fdm a anorganick\u00fdm kyselin\u00e1m, z\u00e1sad\u00e1m, sol\u00edm a rozpou\u0161t\u011bdl\u016fm - a tak\u00e9 se d\u00e1 dopovat.<\/p>\n
SiC lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt reakc\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho SiC s roztaven\u00fdm uhl\u00edkem nebo plynn\u00fdm k\u0159em\u00edkem, zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm sm\u011bsi a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm zu\u0161lech\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm na velk\u00e9 monokrystalick\u00e9 desti\u010dky pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 aplikace. SiC je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed alternativou ke k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm ve v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektronice d\u00edky \u0161irok\u00e9mu energetick\u00e9mu p\u00e1smov\u00e9mu rozd\u00edlu, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat ztr\u00e1ty v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sp\u00ednac\u00ed frekvence.<\/p>\n
Mezi materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 vlastnosti, d\u00edky nim\u017e je sklo vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro zrcadla v astronomii, pat\u0159\u00ed jeho tvrdost, n\u00edzk\u00fd koeficient tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a tepeln\u00e1 odolnost. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 tuhosti a tuhosti je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro r\u00e1my vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f; hojn\u011b se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako samotn\u00e9 r\u00e1my vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f. V keramice se sklo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro svou odolnost, proto\u017ee se \u010dasto vyskytuje jako sou\u010d\u00e1stky odoln\u00e9 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed v keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch; krom\u011b toho slou\u017e\u00ed jako podklad pro litografii d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu n\u00edzk\u00e9mu koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, \u010dast\u011bji ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako karborundum nebo SiC, je kovalentn\u00ed slou\u010denina vyroben\u00e1 z k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku s tvrdost\u00ed podle Mohsovy stupnice 9. Vyzna\u010duje se v\u00fdjime\u010dnou hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed, tepelnou odolnost\u00ed, elektrickou vodivost\u00ed, abrazivn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, tvrd\u00fdmi keramick\u00fdmi spoji vhodn\u00fdmi pro automobilov\u00e9 brzdy a spojky, nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty s keramick\u00fdmi deskami osazen\u00fdmi keramick\u00fdmi desti\u010dkami i polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje pracuj\u00edc\u00ed za vysok\u00fdch teplot a nap\u011bt\u00ed. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Odolnost proti chemick\u00e9mu napaden\u00ed a nerozpustnost. Nerozpou\u0161t\u00ed se ve vod\u011b, alkoholu ani ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kyselin a sol\u00ed a jeho odolnost proti oxidaci, te\u010den\u00ed, korozi a dal\u0161\u00edm vliv\u016fm je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed pevnosti vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, jako jsou jadern\u00e9 reaktory, v\u00fdroba oceli a keramiky. Krom\u011b toho je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed rozta\u017enosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm vhodn\u00fd pro izola\u010dn\u00ed aplikace; nav\u00edc se stal ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00fdroby bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se eliminuj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by zvy\u0161ovaly hmotnost, n\u00e1klady a slo\u017eitost vozidel.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se ji\u017e dlouho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 trvanlivosti je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro brou\u0161en\u00ed kov\u016f, jako je ocel a hlin\u00edk, s n\u00edzk\u00fdm koeficientem tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Toto lepen\u00e9 brusivo, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako lapov\u00e1n\u00ed, se hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v elektronick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159i le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konc\u016f optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken p\u0159ed jejich spojen\u00edm; tento proces zaji\u0161\u0165uje spr\u00e1vnou funkci v\u0161ech budouc\u00edch spoj\u016f. Lepen\u00e1 brusiva obvykle nesou k\u00f3dy ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jejich slo\u017een\u00ed: nap\u0159\u00edklad \"A\" p\u0159edstavuje oxid hlinit\u00fd, zat\u00edmco \"C\" odkazuje na karbid k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (ozna\u010dovan\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako karborundum nebo karborundum) byl poprv\u00e9 objeven v roce 1891 pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00fdm v\u011bdcem Edwardem Achesonem a rychle z\u00edskal titul nejtvrd\u0161\u00edho syntetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a\u017e do roku 1929, kdy byl vyvinut karbid b\u00f3ru (BCC). Karborundum lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd; je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00e9 s hodnotou 9 podle Mohsovy stupnice; do t\u00e9 doby bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed syntetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l! Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 brusiva, jako je pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 brusivo; konstruk\u010dn\u00ed keramick\u00e9 aplikace, jako jsou brzdy\/spojky automobil\u016f; desky nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je velmi tvrd\u00fd krystalick\u00fd materi\u00e1l slo\u017een\u00fd z k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku, kter\u00fd je vedle diamantu a karbidu boru jedn\u00edm z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch lidstvu. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku m\u00e1 brusn\u00e9 i polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti. Jeliko\u017e se vyzna\u010duje extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdost\u00ed, odolnost\u00ed proti ot\u011bru, tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm a chemickou stabilitou, je neoceniteln\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je vedle diamantu a karbidu boru jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se mezi keramikou vyzna\u010duje mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou tvrdost\u00ed a odolnost\u00ed, je schopen odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m i elektrick\u00e9mu proudu, ani\u017e by se po\u0161kodil. Krom\u011b toho je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di chemik\u00e1li\u00edm, kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odol\u00e1v\u00e1 korozi ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je anorganick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se obvykle vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synteticky; vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 formy naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 moissanit se v\u0161ak mohou vyskytovat i v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina dnes vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed postupem, kter\u00fd poprv\u00e9 objevil Edward Goodrich Acheson v roce 1893 p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed metod v\u00fdroby um\u011bl\u00fdch diamant\u016f. Jeho metoda zahrnuje sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho a koksu a jejich zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed na vysokou teplotu p\u0159ed vznikem krystal\u016f karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an extremely hard industrial material with properties as both semiconductor and ceramic. Found naturally only in moissanite minerals, SiC features close-packed structures composed of four Si atoms bound with four carbon atoms in four-sided tetrahedra that make up its structure; additional polytypes have different physical properties and shapes. Silicone rubber is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":213,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212\/revisions\/213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}