SiC m\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hlou p\u00e1smovou mezeru, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u00e1jec\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm pracovat p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch, nap\u011bt\u00edch a frekvenc\u00edch bez dodate\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, co\u017e vede k celkov\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016fm a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a men\u0161\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku byl a\u017e do roku 1929, kdy byl vyvinut karbid b\u00f3ru, nejtvrd\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm syntetick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem s tvrdost\u00ed 9 stup\u0148\u016f podle Mohsovy stupnice, a mohl se dokonce srovn\u00e1vat s diamantem.<\/p>\n
Pozoruhodn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed neb\u00fdvalou revoluci v oblasti v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky. Karbid je polovodi\u010d se \u0161irok\u00fdm p\u00e1smem, kter\u00fd poskytuje mo\u017enosti pro men\u0161\u00ed, rychlej\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektroniku, kter\u00e1 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty, nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvence ne\u017e jej\u00ed k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky.<\/p>\n
Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my jsou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na odrazivosti, aby dos\u00e1hly vysok\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti, kter\u00e1 je nutn\u00e1 pro jejich nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd provoz po mnoho let. Reflexn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly se rovn\u011b\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako konstruk\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch a kompozitn\u00edch panc\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, stejn\u011b jako v automobilov\u00fdch d\u00edlech (brzdov\u00e9 kotou\u010de), bleskojistk\u00e1ch, brusn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a zrcadlov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech pro observato\u0159e.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku byl poprv\u00e9 objeven jako miner\u00e1l moissanit v roce 1893 p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu meteoritu v ka\u0148onu Diablo v Arizon\u011b, v mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku jej poprv\u00e9 syntetizoval Edward Goodrich Acheson v roce 1891 a pozd\u011bji Henri Moissan r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technikami. Dnes se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed taven\u00edm k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku se zdroji uhl\u00edku, jako je uhl\u00ed, v \u017eulov\u00fdch kel\u00edmc\u00edch p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b, dokud se nevytvo\u0159\u00ed krystaly, kter\u00e9 se pak mohou p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch ukl\u00e1dat na grafitov\u00e9 ty\u010dinky a vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u010dist\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bezbarv\u00fd, ale hn\u011bd\u00e9 nebo \u010dern\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 verze obsahuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi \u017eeleza, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 dopov\u00e1n dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed polovodi\u010de typu n nebo hlin\u00edkem, b\u00f3rem nebo heliem pro polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti typu p.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synteticky od konce 19. stolet\u00ed a je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l v brusn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech a brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se v\u0161ak SiC d\u00edky sv\u00fdm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm a elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostem znovu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed technologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
SiC, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z atom\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku spojen\u00fdch v hexagon\u00e1ln\u00ed krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece, m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti: n\u00edzkou tepelnou rozta\u017enost, odolnost v\u016f\u010di teplotn\u00edm \u0161ok\u016fm a \u0161irokou p\u00e1smovou mezeru polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohyb elektron\u016f mezi jeho atomy ne\u017e u k\u0159em\u00edku, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro elektronick\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n
SiC je nerozpustn\u00fd ve vod\u011b a alkoholu, zat\u00edmco je rozpustn\u00fd v roztaven\u00fdch alk\u00e1li\u00edch a roztaven\u00fdch sol\u00edch; d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di oxidaci p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch je neho\u0159lav\u00fd a toxick\u00fd bez kou\u0159e; dlouhodob\u00e1 expozice v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k postupn\u00e9mu zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plic, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje postupnou fibr\u00f3zu plic, kter\u00e1 vede k postupn\u00e9mu zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plic; byl za\u0159azen na seznam IARC jako mo\u017en\u00fd lidsk\u00fd karcinogen.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je jedn\u00edm z nejleh\u010d\u00edch a nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 kdy byly zn\u00e1my. Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 abrazi, erozi a korozi, tak\u017ee se optim\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v chemick\u00fdch provozech, ml\u00fdnech, expand\u00e9rech a trysk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Tento materi\u00e1l je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b tvrd\u00fd, tuh\u00fd, m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou tepelnou rozta\u017enost a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 si pevnost p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch a\u017e 1400 \u00b0C. Krom\u011b toho vynik\u00e1 mezi pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi keramick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly vysokou odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku pro v\u00fdkonovou elektroniku je velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 urychlit dekarbonizaci t\u00edm, \u017ee zlep\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost elektromotor\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prodlu\u017euje dojezdovou vzd\u00e1lenost a sou\u010dasn\u011b sni\u017euje velikost a hmotnost syst\u00e9m\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bateri\u00ed. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku sic tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dnou kvalitu, spolehlivost a \u00fa\u010dinnost, d\u00edky nim\u017e je jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed alternativou ke kov\u016fm, jako je nikl.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku na\u0161el \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky a jako n\u00e1hrada tradi\u010dn\u00edch k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00fdm rychl\u00fdm sp\u00ednac\u00edm \u010das\u016fm a schopnosti vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho blokovac\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed spolu s \u0161irok\u00fdm p\u00e1smov\u00fdm rozp\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje rychlej\u0161\u00ed provoz elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spolehlivost ne\u017e u jejich k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdch prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016f.<\/p>\n
Elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku lze m\u011bnit dopov\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u010distotami. Dopanty obvykle vypl\u0148uj\u00ed voln\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1 m\u00edsta v jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e; jejich aktiva\u010dn\u00ed energie se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na polytypu.<\/p>\n
V d\u016fsledku jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed atom\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku v krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e vykazuje ka\u017ed\u00fd polytyp SiC odli\u0161n\u00e9 polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti. Jak ukazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti pro 3C, 4H a 6H SiC p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b; ty siln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na krystalografick\u00e9m sm\u011bru toku proudu i na p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch pol\u00edch (tj. jsou neizotropn\u00ed).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SiC has an expansive bandgap that enables power systems to operate at higher temperatures, voltages and frequencies without incurring additional BOM costs, leading to lower costs overall and more efficient and smaller devices. Silicon carbide was, until 1929 when boron carbide was developed, the toughest known synthetic material with a Mohs hardness rating of 9, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions\/127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicatijolart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}